Unfamiliar Religion Traditions- The Sikhs Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Traditionally, Sikhs wear a pair of long loose trousers and a long sleeved jacket. Women of this religion wear long trousers and ‘salwar’-an overdress. As Singh (2005) states, Sikhs are very concerned about protecting their dress code and the five Ks. They never remove the five Ks from their body. So, there are occasions when security forces without cultural awareness force them to remove these identities. Presently, police forces allow their Sikh officers to continue wearing turban and protect their long hair (p. 122). Because of their long unshorn hair and turban, Sikh people are often misunderstood as a Muslim from the Middle East. Thus, often, these people are targeted as terrorists and subject to racial aggression. This all happens because their special dress code makes them appear very similar to the Muslim terrorists of the Middle East. Admittedly, I too loved to cherish this belief about this relatively unfamiliar religion. However, as I studied further about it , I came to know that this religion is based on a large number of high moral principles. First of all, Sikhism is against the violence in the name of religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Unfamiliar Religion Traditions- The Sikhs or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now According to Sikh concepts, the most important elements of faith are remembering God, offering selfless service, and earning an honest living. Thus, as Singh I. J. (n. d.) points out, the religion does not insist that one should share rewards only within the religion. Instead, Sikhism teaches that God is love and that this love is not limited to only to Sikhs. God equally loves all people from all religions. Thus, Sikhism never promotes aggression in the name of religious differences because it believes in equality of all. In other words, unlike many other religions, Sikhism is noted for it tolerance to other cultures, beliefs and practices. Thus, it is highly irrational to believe that Sikhs are terrorists. This point can be further elaborated by some verses from Shri Guru Granth Sahib, the guiding principles of Sikhism. Guru Nanak never insisted people from other religions to convert to Sikhism. Instead, he taught them to be good human beings. For example, Guru taught Muslims â€Å"Make compassion your mosque, faith your prayer mat; make honest living your Koran, let modesty rule your conduct; let piety be your fasts, in such a way become a true Muslim† (Shri Guru Granth Sahib). Similarly, to Hindus, he suggested â€Å"From the cotton of passion, spin the thread of contentment; tying the knot of continence, give it the twist of virtue† (Shri Guru Granth Sahib).

Essay on Lets End the Pain and Suffering of Racism

Does this fit feel alright? Dennis asked the little boy, he nodded. Thank you, said his mother, come on Michael lets go the check out. Dennis got up and headed back to his post. â€Å"Dennis to the manager’s office,† came on the shoes store intercom. Dennis sighed and headed to Mr. Bleaks office. Good evening Mr. Bleak, Dennis greeted his boss. Hello Dennis, take a seat. I called you in here to let to tell you now that today is your last day working here; I’m going to have to let you go. What, why?! Because you are stealing shoes, said Mr. Bleak. No, I never stolen anything, I swear. No, use lying Dennis, you’re lucky I’m not calling the cops. Just collect your things and get out of my store. I can’t believe this, Dennis muttered on his way†¦show more content†¦Another problem society faces this age and time is vanity. People are so obsessed with looks that it is destroying lives. People become shallow and believe that the way they l ook is more important than their character. Serous psychological disorders can develop from this attitude. People develop eating disorders and sometimes even commit suicide if they think they’re â€Å"ugly.† In America vanity is just as much of a disease as racism. Teenagers have the biggest problem of vanity in America. Not only do they deal with the stress of grades and family life. Add the desperation to look good, in order to become popular and get a Boyfriend/Girlfriend it’s no wonder that 1 in 12 teenagers attempt suicide (Neal). I believe that if we could end vanity these numbers would reduce substantially. But how can society prevent something like racism and vanity? These believes are usually taught by parents or peers to children, and really it’s impossible to control what parents teach their own children. We cannot monitor what a mother tells her children in her own home. We do not want to live in an Orwellian form of government. So government interference simply will not do. My solution to end the problems of racism and vanity in America is simple. I purpose that we surgically blind all children upon birth. A racist person cannot oppress someone if they don’t know what race they are, which would make racism impossible. Also people will not be able to judge one another if theyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Changes Brought About by the Civil Rights Movement1095 Words   |  5 Pagesteenagers were hanging around on the street, the police officer wouldnt check them. All of the examples above can be concluded in one word, which is racism. Racism happened a lot at United State, the whites treated the African-American badly and called them blacks or niggers. Despite the fact that racism occurred a lot, not everyone supported and followed racism, some protested, some stood up to fight. 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It is a man-made imposition which has been an enemy of science and inquiry. Religion has subsisted largely on lies and fears, and been the accomplice of ignorance and guilt as well as of slavery, genocide, racism, and tyranny. George Carlin once said â€Å"I worship the sun for several reasons. The first reason is that unlike god, you can actually see the sun which really helps with its credibility. It gives me everything that I need like heat, light, food,Read MoreAmerican Sport Movies Dealing with Racism6989 Words   |  28 Pagesand Simpson enterprising and a showman who made the public relations work. But gradually Simpson became a drug addict and although Bruckheimer tried to help him he died in 1996 because of an overdose. Some critics said that this would also be the end of Bruckheimer’s career but he proved them wrong. He produced a lot of blockbusters and became one of the most successful and popular directors in the world. 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The Low Pre-Tax Cash Flow Operating Leverage

Question: Discuss about the circumstance, in which the low pre-tax cash flow operating leverage is preferable. Answer: The extent of operating leverage depends on the sensitivity of the pre-tax operating cash flow. The financial leverage or the operating cash flow leverage is taken in order to achieve a better financial performance of the company in a particular financial year (Rezaei and Jafari 2015). Generally, the leverage is taken to maximize the profitability by reducing the cost of capital and risks of the company. In case of Dulax Group Limited, the company can apply the low pre-tax cash flow operating leverage only when the cost of capital is low. In the other words, it can be said that if the degree of sensitivity of the pre-tax operating cash flow of the company is less, then the company can apply the low pre-tax cash flow operating leverage (Dhaliwal et al. 2015). There is another circumstance in which the company can keep low pre-tax operating cash flow and that is when the percentage changes in the pre-tax profit is low or the fixed cost is high. This is because if the changes of percentage in the profit of the company are low, it indicates that the company has a stable financial position (Rezaei and Jafari 2015). At the same time, if the profit percentage of the company remains more or less stable, then the net operating cash inflow will also be stable and so the requirement of taking higher rate of pre-tax cash flow operating leverage will be less. Therefore, it can be said that in order to apply low pre-tax cash flow operating leverage, Dulax Group Limited needs to bring stability in the net operating cash inflows and at the same time needs to maintain high profitability. Reference List: Dhaliwal, D.S., Gaertner, F.B., Seung, H. and Trezevant, R., 2015. Historical cost, inflation, and the US corporate tax burden.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,34(5), pp.467-489. Rezaei, M. and Jafari, S.M., 2015. Identifying the Relationship between Financial Leverage and Cash Flows of the Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(27).

Research Proposal Hand Hygiene

Question: Discuss about the Research Proposal Hand Hygiene. Answer: Introduction The importance of the hand washing in the care of the patient was conceptualized back in the early 19th Century. The first to provide the hand decontamination was Labarraque who reduced the incidence of the puerperal fever as well as the maternal mortality (Aiello, Coulborn, Perez, and Larson, 2008). The first clinic, which was attended by the medical student, was the Great hospital in Vienna back in 40s. There was adapting that washing of the hands with the chlorinated lime for those leaving the autopsy room could reduce the rate of maternal mortality. Aim, rationale Good health has been because of combination of various aspect such as the hand hygiene. Hands are usually the most used organ of the body. Based on the recommendations, which are given by the World Health Organization, the hand hygiene is the most significance way of controlling infection especially in hospitals. Due to the critical role carried by the nurse in the patient care, they should always have essential as well updated information in regards to the hand hygiene. An individual barely passes without holding multiple objects with the hands, such as greeting people, holding money, eating and cleaning of our houses with the use of our hands. It is likely our hands are at the exposure of the germs than any other part of our body. Nonetheless, it is easy for the germs to be picked thorough our hands to other parts of the body through oral transmission. This has been because we usually use our hands, especially when eating thus we could ingest the germs with the food which we are co nsuming. The organ, which is prone for the infections passed through the hands, is the stomach. Many individuals usually complain from time that they have a stomachache or perhaps they are experiencing diarrhea. All these infections are attributed from the poor hand hygiene, and it is significant to maintain good hygiene through constant washing of the hands using medical hand wash such as Dettol hand wash, which should be done before or perhaps after using hands in various activities. This ensures that the hand are always clean and there are no germs, which are transferred to the hands into our mouth especially when we are eating. The hand hygiene should always start from the health professionals, such as the nurses who are experts and they are expected to show a good example to the patients. This paper will be expected to research on the standards of the nurses hand hygiene in a New York hospital. Purpose of the statement The nurses as the health professionals are entitled to always promote the health living practices of all the citizens. One way they could achieve this is through promoting of practices of proper hygiene such as the hand hygiene. These practices should be carried out both in the place of work and at home. The nurses should act as the ambassadors of promoting of good hygiene practices. The patients could easily copy what the nurses are undertaking in the hospital and in return, they are able to reduce the chances of getting infections in order to ensure there is no proper hygiene. This research will undertake a research on the hygiene practices of the nurses in New York hospital on whether they are advocating good hygiene or if they are not. Provision of a good example to the patients and other citizen shows that the nurses are following ethical practices and they are advocating for the changes to reduce on the infection, which result from poor hygiene. Significance of maintaining hand hygiene Hand hygiene helps the patients to keep away from the ailments, which result from the poor hand hygiene. This will help to save on the costs of treatment as well as increase productivity from the population who are healthy due to maintained health status. Therefore, having a proper hand hygiene is the most significant yet simplest as well as least expensive method of reduction of the prevalence of ailments. There are several studies which have highlighted that hand washing is the vital way of elimination of pathogens on the hands which ultimately reduce on the rate of the ailments. Statement of the problem The hypothesis of the project proposal: has most nurses in the New York hospital facility embraced the proper hygiene practices such as washing of hands. There has been a rise in the number of infections, which have resulted from improper hygiene of the hand in the New York of recent. The nurses have also not been left from the infections an example two nurses have been admitted to the facility and they were complaining of the severe stomach pains, of which these ailments have resulted from using unclean hands when ingesting of the food. This has raised a health concern in the hospital. In such an occurrence if such ailment could sweep the health professional there are a high chance it will happen the same to the other citizens. There has been many expenses which have been incurred especially for the treatment of such ailments due to poor hand hygiene. The cause, which has been associated with this situation, is due to the poor hand hygiene. Many stomach infections result from the ingesting germs into our body system through the food that is eaten. The hands are the organs, which are used for eating, and the germs could be picked through the hands and transferred to the mouth as one eats. In one do not maintain proper hygiene then there is a risk of infection. If these occurs the government will be forced to channel, many resources towards treatment of these infections that could arise which otherwise could have been prevented at no cost. A high number of individual who are suffering from an infections result to low productivity in the workforce, standards of living of these individuals also deteriorate and these individuals are not able to meet there daily needs (World Health Organization, 2009). Many may perceive hand hygiene as just a trivial matter, but the effects from improper hygiene could cause ramification impact to many people who are affected. Infection usually inflict a lot of suffering as well as threaten the general body functions. The benefits of preventing these infection is important; this should begin with the health professional who act as an example to the patients. Method of the research The research follows theorist approach, which is the nursing theories called Dorothea Orem self-care theory. The self-care has been regarded are those personal practices which could be done independently in order to promote the health of an individual, such as hand washing. Most people could assume it just as a mere practice but it could save one some cost. It can only be achieved when a person has an agency with the self-care (World Health Organization, 2012). An individual should have a personal initiative in order to perform the self-care practices and if deficit occurs, it could lead to self-care, which can cause ill health of a person. When one become sick, the nurse should be expected to meet all the healthcare needs of the patients and teach, give support and provide an environment, which is good for them to achieve self-care practices (Pittet, Hugonnet, Harbarth, Mourouga, Sauvan, Touveneau and Perneger, 2000). Moreover, the nurse could also provide a compensatory package to help the patient to fully recover (O'Boyle, Henly and Larson, 2001). The patient could be helped in achieving of the self-care through setting a good role model to them. The nurses are usually the first individuals to embrace self-care practices to the patients and it is expected of them to do all they can for the patients to enable them to feel better. Literature review On the literature review, I have reviewed journal, which relates to the hand hygiene of the health care experts. In accordance to Larson (1995), highlights the guidelines, which the nurses should use in order to ensure hand hygiene is maintained. Moreover, he has also recommended that the nurses should set good examples to the patients as well as other citizens. The nurses should always observe a good hand hygiene, through washing of hands with the use of recommended antiseptics that could destroy the germs that are on the hands (World Health Organization, 2012). The author has also highlighted difference cases of infections to the healthcare provides which results to poor hygiene (Sax, Allegranzi, Uckay, Larson, Boyce and Pittet, 2007). This should set example to the patients on the best standards, which are expected in order to be able to curb the ailments. Further, in accordance to Pittet and Boyce (2002), highlights that hand washing is one of the most efficient as well as an eff ective way of preventing of the infections. Most of the stomach ailments usually results from the poor practices of washing of the hands. Many individuals including the health professionals usually ignore this especially when one leaves the toilet (Whitby, Pessoa-Silva, McLaws, Allegranzi, Sax, Larson, Seto, Donaldson and Pittet, 2007). The author highlights that before one eats the food they should wash their hands well. Additionally, the nurses should be at the forefront to make sure patients are provided proper self-care practices ( Boyce, J.M., 1999). An experiment, which had been done by Hazy and Wang (1998), in a hospital showed that even the nurses themselves do not observe good self-care especially washing of the hands. The observation, which was made, was that the nurses did not always wash hands when they left the restroom. The effect of this situation could worsen to the patients because the nurses used the same hands to administered prescriptions to the nurses and if the y hand germs it could be transferred to them. Based on the survey carried out in a hospital by Perneger and Mourouga (1999) to educate the nurses showed that the instructors as well as the trainee nurses were not observing proper hand hygiene. This clearly showed that it is not a good example to the patient since they are bound to show proper practices as healthcare providers. In accordance to Pittet (2000), he has provided some recommendations on ways the healthcare providers in healthcare could improve on the hand hygiene. Such recommendation are the hygiene standards in the hospital should be very high in order for the patients to learn from the same. The nurses could offer the guidelines, as well as educate the patient on how they could improve on their self-care practices. Expected outcome/results It is expected that the nurses in New York hospital facility do not observe hygiene hand wash requirements as required. The basis of this point is the situation few months ago observed of the nurses who were suffering from the stomach ailments in the hospital, hand-washing practice in the hospital is indeed in doubt (Lankford, Zembower, Trick, Hacek, Noskin and Peterson, 2003). Moreover, it is also very evident that there is a high increase in the cases of the stomach ailments admissions to the hospital. This shows the hospital has not embraced full the campaign of promoting a health hygiene practices. Based on the review of the literature it has clearly showed that many of the nurses are reporting just the practices of the hand hygiene to the patient but they themselves are not embracing what they stand for. It is also expected based on the literature that the nurses have not complied fully the concepts of self-care. Design of the research Carrying of this research undertaking will be the nurses in central New York health facility. The data collection will take approximately a week. There would be a preliminary visit to the health institution prior before carrying the research (Pittet, 2001). Ten nurse will be randomly selected for the research from the population of the nurses in the hospital. The collection method for the data will be through interviews and observation (Haas, and Larson, 2007). The interviews carried out will be on the issues of the compliance to the self-care requirements. The washing of the hand patterns of the nurses will be observed especially the ones who are leaving areas such as rest room, or perhaps during meals as well as when the patients are being administered the drugs. The information gotten will be recorded in the note for the purpose of the analysis. Through use of the tables will be undertaken in order to show compliance of the nurses who wash hands to the various subsections of obser vations (Haas and Larson, 2007). After carrying of the analysis, it would be projected to the entire population basing on the compliance of the nurses to wash hands. There would be a move on how these nurses promote the health care practices to the patients and a level indicated on each one of them. Recommendation will also be provided on how to improve the self-care of the patients. Conclusion The practice of hand hygiene has been one of the self-care requirement, which can go a long way especially when keeping most of the infections at a bay. It is the work of the nurses to work relentlessly in order to promote self-care practices and they should set a good example to the patients on hand hygienic. In maintaining a population that is, healthy there would be achievement of economic growth which will be realized from individuals who are energetic and resources which would have been channeled to the health sector would be devoted to other sectors. References. Aiello, A.E., Coulborn, R.M., Perez, V. and Larson, E.L., 2008. Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis. American journal of public health, 98(8), pp.1372-1381. Boyce, J.M., 1999. It is time for action: improving hand hygiene in hospitals. Annals of internal medicine, 130(2), pp.153-155. Haas, J.P. and Larson, E.L., 2007. Measurement of compliance with hand hygiene. Journal of Hospital Infection, 66(1), pp.6-14. Lankford, M.G., Zembower, T.R., Trick, W.E., Hacek, D.M., Noskin, G.A. and Peterson, L.R., 2003. Influence of role models and hospital design on hand hygiene of health-care workers. Emerging infectious diseases, 9(2), pp.217-223. Pittet, D., Hugonnet, S., Harbarth, S., Mourouga, P., Sauvan, V., Touveneau, S. and Perneger, T.V., 2000. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. The Lancet, 356(9238), pp.1307-1312. Pittet, D., 2001. Improving adherence to hand hygiene practice: a multidisciplinary approach. Emerging infectious diseases, 7(2), p.234 O'Boyle, C.A., Henly, S.J. and Larson, E., 2001. Understanding adherence to hand hygiene recommendations: the theory of planned behavior. American journal of infection control, 29(6), pp.352-360. Sax, H., Allegranzi, B., Chrati, M.N., Boyce, J., Larson, E. and Pittet, D., 2009. The World Health Organization hand hygiene observation method. American journal of infection control, 37(10), pp.827-834. Whitby, M., Pessoa-Silva, C.L., McLaws, M.L., Allegranzi, B., Sax, H., Larson, E., Seto, W.H., Donaldson, L. and Pittet, D., 2007. Behavioural considerations for hand hygiene practices: the basic building blocks. Journal of Hospital Infection, 65(1), pp.1-8. World Health Organization, 2012. Hand hygiene in outpatient and home-based care and long-term care facilities: a guide to the application of the WHO multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy and the My Five Moments For Hand Hygiene approach. World Health Organization, 2009. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: first global patient safety challenge. Clean care is safer care. World Health Organization. Sax, H., Allegranzi, B., Uckay, I., Larson, E., Boyce, J. and Pittet, D., 2007. My five moments for hand hygiene: a user-centred design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene. Journal of Hospital Infection, 67(1), pp.9-21.

Rumble in the Jungle

How Managers Should Treat Employees

How Managers Should Treat Employees Introduction Increased productivity is a major goal for all organizations and companies. This is especially the case in the current economic environment where a lot of competitive forces exist and each business has to look for means to avoid being forced out of the market. The management of an organization is critical in ensuring that the goals of increased productivity are met.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Managers Should Treat Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managers are the individuals who are charged with the important task of organizing the human resources of an organization to ensure growth and development (Pugh Hickson, 2007). However, these managers have to work through employees so as to accomplish organizational goals. It is therefore in the best interest of the manager to ensure that the employees are successful in their tasks. Invariably, they act in differing ways in their que st to get increase employee productivity. While some are aggressive and stern, others are caring and set out to command the respect of their employees. Each approach used by the manager has different outcomes since the manner in which managers treat their employees affects the output obtained from them. This paper will set out to demonstrate that a manager who is considerate and respectful to his employees will get higher productivity than one who engages in aggressive behavior towards his staff. The paper will also suggest leadership styles and other approaches that managers can use to increase employee productivity and therefore aid in the increased profitability of the organization. Effects of Aggression on Employees Positive effects Aggressive behavior by the manager can at times yield in improved employee performance. This is because such behavior will prompt the employees to act in a desirable manner. For example, a manager can make use of negative consequences so as to modify the behavior of his employees to what he/she sees as desirable. This desirable behavior will ideally result in higher productivity for the organization. Fournies (1999) reveals that punishments work since employees will be keen to decrease the frequency of the behavior that brings about the negative consequence. People who receive negative consequences become more apprehensive and are therefore more likely to avoid making future mistakes. The manager will also benefit from using punishments since other employees are less likely to engage in the behavior that brought about punishment to their co-worker.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fournies (1999) asserts that it is sometimes necessary for the manager to be strict and uncompromising with his staff. Such a stance might be necessary when the manager is fulfilling Fayol’s commanding role which is th e process of â€Å"maintaining activity among the personnel in order to obtain the optimum returns from the employees (Pugh Hickson, 2007, p.145). In this role, the best results are achieved if the manager is able to push his staff to work according to set schedules. The manager might find it necessary to be strict and stern so as to obtain the best results. Being stern may also be productive when the manager wishes to express the severity of a situation. Negative Effects Using punishments will decrease the frequency of the behavior that is causing the punishment (which is undesirable) to the employees. However, using punishments to modify the behavior of employees may have some negative repercussions. Fournies (1999) demonstrates that punishments may cause employees to react aggressively by holding work back, causing disruptive actions or even sabotaging work performance. These actions by the employees will be aimed at reducing performance and therefore injuring the boss or his/h er reputation. Fournies (1999) suggests that instead of using punishments to modify employee behavior, it would be more beneficial to use positive reinforcement to increase the desirable employee behavior. Managers who display aggressive, belittling and blaming behavior towards the employees under their command obtain devastating effect. Research indicates that such behavior results in increased job dissatisfaction and it might also lead to high turnover rates among employees. In addition to this, employees engage in deviance behavior which is primarily aimed at hurting the reputation of the aggressive boss. Donaldson-Feilder, Lewis and Yarker (2011) go on to reveal that aggressive behavior by managers results in a range of psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, burnout and somatic health complaints in the employees. Such outcomes further reduce the performance of the employees and therefore reduce the overall productivity of the organization. Effects of Considerate Tre atment Genuine concern for the employees by the manager will increase the productivity of the workers significantly. Research by Kellerman (2007) demonstrated that when managers showed concern for their staff, the staff reciprocated by increased productivity. The reason for this is that all employees at some point experience levels of stress and even de-motivation as they carry out their work.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Managers Should Treat Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the manager shows concern, the employees feel that he/she can identify with their circumstances. They will therefore be more willing to be guided by such a manager and work hard to achieve the set goals and objectives. Another considerate treatment that the manager can use to increase employee productivity is to show consideration for work-life balance. Employees suffer from conflicts between work and non-work res ponsibilities with such conflicts resulting in stress and burnout. Donaldson-Feilder et al. (2011) reveals that stress and overwork are increasing in prevalence among today’s workforce. Anderson et al. (2002) demonstrates that stress and burnout result in cognitive difficulties and lead to decreased performance of the employees. Work-life balance has therefore gained great significance since this stress and overwork has a negative impact on the productivity of the workers. Research indicates that provision of work-life practices has the potential of generating positive attitudes by the employees towards the manager and by extension the organization (Donaldson-Feilder et al., 2011). When employees perceive that the manager is treating them fairly, the social exchange theory explains that they will feel obliged to reciprocate by engaging in behavior that is beneficial to the manager. They will therefore be more willing to increase performance and therefore achieve set organizat ional goals. Approaches for increasing production Managers are tasked with marshalling the organizations’ resources to accomplish some goals and it is therefore imperative that they be able to make sure that their employees have a high degree of motivation in their performance. Motivation is defined by Martocchio (2005) as â€Å"the process of arousing, directing and maintaining behavior towards a goal (p.22). An important point to consider is that motivations should not only be restricted to monetary benefits. While it is true that money is the core motivating factor for many employees, there are other important aspects that employees look at.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Donaldson-Feilder, et al. (2011) suggests that many employees are also concerned about their professional growth. A manager who considers this will take on a mentoring role to the employee and also ensure that the employees are provided with schedules that improve and encourage growth. Managers should also engage in regular evaluations of the performance of their employees. These evaluations should be aimed at improving the productivity of individual employees. It is therefore critical for the manager to provide feedback on the evaluations to the staff. Moss and Sanchez (2004) reveal that the manner in which the manager delivers feedback determines whether it will aid or hinder improvement. While failures are bound to be observed in employees, this should be seen as learning opportunities. The manager should therefore try to capture and reveal to the employee the lesson behind any failure (Moss Sanchez, 2004). The manager should ensure that there are set performance standards which the employees should seek to achieve. Performance evaluations should then be measured by these set standards as opposed to comparing employees’ performances against each other. Donaldson-Feilder et al. (2011) note that there are times when a manager may feel overwhelmed and fail to control their negative emotions to the team. In such a situation, it is crucial for the manager to be honest and communicate with the employees what happened. Even more important is that the manager should have the capacity to take responsibility and apologize for their behavior. Apologizing for poor behavior will show employees that the manager is willing to take responsibility for his actions and it will reestablish the perceived integrity of the manager. Many performance problems are blamed on poor communication between managers and employees. Communication is critical for the success of all relationships and its prominence in organizations cannot be over emphasized. Lack of communication by ma nagers may cause low levels of morale among the staff (Fournies, 1999). This is especially the case when there are increased levels of uncertainty about what is going on in the organization. Through open and regular communication, the manager can boost the level of confidence that employees have in the organization and therefore foster positive attitudes. Most managers only talk to their employees when they are issuing instructions or when the employees have done something wrong. This makes it hard for employees to know when they have done a good job since the manager does not provide any feedback at such times. The level of engagement that employees have to the organizations is determined by communication. Kellerman (2007) demonstrates that managers who communicate to their employees on a frequent basis foster followers who are passionately committed and deeply involved in the organizational affairs. Managers should make use of motivating language so as to increase employee job sat isfaction and performance. Leadership Styles for Increasing Productivity A leadership approach that would be beneficial for increasing employee performance is transformational leadership. This style is highly favored by many Western nations and the transformational leader looks for â€Å"potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower† (Harris Nelson 2007, p.356). A manager who practices transformation leadership is able to not only steer the followers towards achieving set goals but also identify with their needs and concerns both at the job and outside. Such a manager is able to show consideration to his followers. This will require the manager to take on the role of a considerate leader that is; one who is able to show concern and respect for his followers. Donaldson-Feilder et al. (2011) articulate that this kind of leaders is able to look out for the welfare of his staff and express appreciation and support for their efforts. This leadership behavior is associated with many positive employee outcomes including: higher job satisfaction, reduced burnout and tension and most importantly, increased performance and productivity. In addition to this, research indicates that considerate behavior by managers has been consistently linked with improved employee well-being. The transactional leadership approach can also assist the manager to obtain superior results from his employees. Harris and Nelson (2007) define this form of leadership as one where the interaction between leaders and subordinates is characterized by a transactional exchange of rewards for services. The manager is about to offer rewards such as promotions, granting favors, and continued employment in exchange for continued good performance by the employee. This approach helps the manager to get the most out of employees since it clarifies to the staff what is expected of them (Harris Nelson, 2007). However, the manager should ens ure that the set goals are tangible, verifiable, and measurable. If the manager sets goals that are too aggressive, the employees will be discouraged and may therefore not even try to reach them. Creating Boundaries While it is important for the manager to establish a good relationship with the staff, it is important for work boundaries to be set. Without boundaries, the employees may fail to afford the manager the respect that is required for his/her to fulfill his managerial duties effectively. Donaldson-Feilder (2011) suggests that boundaries can be established by ensuring that employees follow protocol when they wish to bring up issues with the manager. In addition to this, the manager should be afforded the authority that comes with his position with the organization. In disputes between or among employees, the manager should act as the dispute handler. Conflicts are a reality in all environments where people are working together. Martocchio (2005) declares that while contentio us issues are bound to occur in all organizations, the way in which these conflicts are handled may influence the future success or failure of the organization. A manager who is skilled at conflict resolution will be able to reconcile fighting employees and therefore ensure that disputes do not hamper productivity. Conclusion The success of an organization depends on the productivity of its workforce. With this consideration, this paper set out to discuss how managers should treat employees so as to get more productivity from them. This paper has conclusively shown that managers who are aggressive and use punishment to try and increase performance from their employees fail. Instead, managers who establish relationships with their employees and make use of positive reinforcement are more successful in getting increased productivity. Transformational leadership and transactional leadership have been highlighted as two leadership styles that can be used to increase performance from emp loyees. The workplace is full of many stressful situations and an understanding and considerate manager will motivate his employees to increase their performance. The paper has underscored the important role that communication plays in motivating employees. By applying the approaches highlighted in this paper, the manager can increase employee performance and therefore achieve the desirable goal of increased organization productivity. References Anderson, S., Coffey, B. Byerly, R. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-life conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28(6), 787-810. Donaldson-Feilder, E., Lewis, R. Yarker, J. (2011). Preventing stress in organizations: how to develop positive managers. Boston: John Wiley Sons. Fournies, F.F. (1999). Coaching for improved work performance. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Harris, T.E. Nelson, M. (2007). Applied organizational communication: theory and practice in a glo bal environment. London: Taylor Francis. Kellerman, B. (2007). What Every Leader needs to know About Followers. Harvard Business Review, 85(12), 84-91. Martocchio, J. J. (2005). Research in personnel and human resources management. Washington: Emerald Group Publishing. Moss, S.E. Sanchez, J.I. (2004). Are your employees avoiding you? Managerial strategies for closing the feedback gap. Academy of Management Executive, 18 (1), 34-54. Pugh, D. Hickson, J. (2007). Great writers on organization. NY: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Principles of Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Principles of Corporate Finance - Essay Example For example, the year 2008 witnessed a global financial crisis, which had a significant impact on the cash flows of firms that depend on banks for funding. Even if Timbercorp may not have been directly affected, it may have indirectly been affected by a reduction in demand for its products on a global scale as consumers find it difficult meeting up with payments. Secondly, the economic environment is constantly changing. Interest rates and exchange rates continue to change and this has an effect on Timbercorp’s financing and investment decisions. As earlier mentioned, the company is a leading participant in the agribusiness sector through the food and fiber industries and the land and water rights and infrastructure associated with these industries. The sector provides a lot of opportunities and threats. As far as opportunities are concerned, the agribusiness sector remains a crucial part of the global economy and it is estimated to be worth approximately US$5trillion. In addi tion to its importance for delivering food security, it also encompasses half of the world’s labor force and assets as well as 40% of consumer purchases. Global population is expected to grow to approximately 8.3billion by the year 2030. These developments will help boost demand for Timbercorp’s products. The company anticipates a 60% rise in the demand for food and fiber products by 2030. However, there are also challenges for the company. For example, the amount of arable land is declining and these may adversely affect the company’s ability to meet rising demand for its products. Other challenges facing the company include rising operational costs, limitations on the access of water resources, as well as rising oil and gas prices.  The company reports that high oil and gas prices had a material adverse impact on harvesting and transportation costs as well as on the costs of fertilizers.  

Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Evolution - Essay Example one has ever seen evolution happen, and that if it were a process in progress, evolution should still be right on course with numerous observable "transitional" forms of evidence. The arguments above are but valid in a sense for evolutionary processes in terms of changes in the genetic makeup across populations deem to have been observed in an array of scientific contexts, that include basic laboratory experiments with fruit flies, scientifically known as Drosophila melanogaster and even bacteria have never produced new types of insects. Chemically induced mutations in such organisms have only resulted in mild changes, which include, in the case of fruit flies, those with oversized to no wings, white or even purple eyes (DeBenedictis 383). The minor changes have never had significant change on the organisms, with the changes limited to variations. Even with such experiments being repeated over and over again since Darwin invented the theory, fruit flies remain fruit flies; not a single experiment has successfully changed the organism to a different species (Franklin

The Logic of Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Logic of Descartes - Essay Example The Logic of Descartes Descartes felt the only way to obtain true knowledge was to rely solely upon human reason while ignoring the senses. Descartes wrote several books regarding the nature of existence and knowledge, providing us with plenty of material to study and has had tremendous influence on those who have come after him. These books are typically divided into segments Descartes labels meditations. In these meditations, Descartes reflects upon the nature of the individual and determines that he does indeed exist as both a physical and a metaphysical being through a detailed consideration of the various elements that contribute to his awareness. Through statements such as ‘I am not lodged in my body like a pilot in a vessel’ and ‘I am not that set of limbs called the human body’, Descartes attempts to bridge the difference between the new sciences and the sensory perceptions of the old philosophy, introducing in the process a new way of thinking about thinking. In Descartes ’ Meditations on First Philosophy (1989), Descartes states emphatically ‘I think, therefore I am.’ This simple-sounding statement is the result of a discourse in which Descartes calls into question all of the assumptions he’s come to know as a result of the philosophical thought of his day. To seek a higher version of the truth, Descartes felt it was necessary to question every assumption that had even the shadow of a doubt. Through this questioning process, he demonstrates how thought, not observation or the senses, is really the right foundation for knowledge. â€Å"When I considered that the very same thoughts (presentations) which we experience when awake may also be experienced when we are asleep, while there is at that time not one of them true, I supposed that all the objects (presentations) that had ever entered into my mind when awake, had in them no more truth than the illusions of my dreams† (Descartes, 2001). The first issue to be overco me was the concept that knowledge defined by a â€Å"clear and distinct perception† as being clear of sensation is foiled by its own dependence on the senses within the definition. Descartes argues that in order to fool a mind, a mind must first exist, indicating that the senses are not necessary to the development of a thinking being, so we must be something more than the physical material we are made of, something more than ‘the set of limbs.’ In the process of breaking down all of his perceptions to determine the very basic, deepest thought that is not based on the senses, Descartes admits that there may be some way in which all of his senses could be fooled all of the time into thinking he exists; this in itself proves his existence. â€Å"But there is I know not what being, who is possessed at once of the highest power and the deepest cunning, who is constantly employing all his ingenuity in deceiving me. Doubtless, then, I exist, since I am deceived; and, let him deceive me as he may, he can never bring it about that I am nothing, so long as I shall be conscious that I am something† (Descartes, 1989). Meditation III builds off of Descartes’ earlier idea that he exists because he is capable of thinking – â€Å"I think, therefore I am.† Assuming that what he is able to perceive as distinct must be true, he strives to erase his mind of all information that has been gained through his five senses to arrive at what he knows deep within himself. â€Å"In this item of first knowledge, there is simply a clear and distinct

Preserving Minority Languages

Preserving Minority Languages On the other hand, according to Anthony Ellis, it would be trifling to insist that extinction of language causes extinction of culture because language is not whole culture but just one part of it (Ellis, 2005). Nevertheless, according to David Harrison, linguist and professor of the Swarthmore College, languages have been shaped by people to serve as repositories for cultural knowledge, efficiently packaged and readily transmittable across generations. (Harrison, 2007:7). In other words, it is crucial for human race to keep the conservation of minority language due to its cultural values: academic, ethnic and social values. The first cultural value of minority language is its academic value. Linguists especially have academic passion for protecting and researching minority languages. They should study many different languages to restore their all functions and structures of endangered languages. It must also be noted that linguists need to train many youngsters at school to transmit their native languages to next generations. Moreover, one of most important reason why it is needed to keep minority languages researching is that academically new and attractive facts are always discovered in minority languages. Ubykh, one of minority language of the North-western Caucasian group spoken by the Ubykh people until the early 1990s, was regarded as a language which has a large number of consonants (Romaine, 2007). Recent researches, however, show that some African language have more consonants than Ubykhs. Furthermore, linguists found an African language called Hixkaryana, which has about 350 speakers. The reason why this language and its adjacent languages have an attention is that they are cases of language which place their object first when they make a sentence. For an instance, if the English sentence, I love you, is made, the sentence in Hixkaryana should be you love I instead of I love you. In the case of Korean and Japanese, they have the archetypal structural order, Subject + Object + Verb(SOV). They say I you love whilst English speakers say I love you. It is clear that contemporary English has self-evident sentence order, Subject + Verb + Object(SVO). However, Irish puts its verb firs t. Unfortunately, linguists predict that object-initial languages such as Hixkaryana will vanish in the next century. (Nettle Romaine, 2000:11) At this point, it should be academically asked that why object-initial languages are hard to survive in the modern era. This is the academic question which needs to be examined by researching minority languages. There will be a number of these kinds of academic questions from minority languages. This academic knowledge will be a great legacy for human race. This is why we preserve minority languages. The second cultural value of minority language is the value about its ethnic identity. One of the most important factors of ethnic identity is language. In the time of globalisation, identity of people is defined by the language that they speak and write rather than the region that people live. For an example, although every people in London speak common language, English, it is unsure that all of them are English people because some of them have their native languages. It means that people can find their ethnic identity when they speak their native languages. The importance of ethnic identity acquired by using native languages is closely related with national stature of each country. For example, one of the urgent issues of Ukraine after independence in 1991 was to establish its linguistic identity to rise up the stature of nation-state. After breaking up Soviet-union, one of differences between other nation-states and Ukraine was the influence of Russian. Unlike other nation-states, Russians was used in more widely and still made an impact on culture, science, management and so on in Ukraine. In this situation, Ukraine declared the new constitution and it expressed clearly that there is only one national language. By this process, Ukrainian became only one official language of Ukraine. People who used Ukrainian thought that people who still used Russian didnt have any ethnic identity as the member of Ukraine (Zhurzhenko, 2002). For another example of historically dark side, during the Japanese occupation in the past, Hangeul, Korean native language made by Sejong the Great in 1443, was strictly banned to use among Koreans as a colonial policy for ethnocide. Koreans were forced to change even their Hangeul names to Japanese names. Koreas national stature could not help fall. These historical facts above clearly demonstrate that language can not be divided from the ethnic identity. For this reason, if minority languages become extinct, the ethnic identity of those who use minority language will be disappeared as well. The third cultural value of minority language is its aesthetic value. Every language has its aesthetic values. This is expressed by art works through languages such as novels, poets and even music. Research has shown that there is the tendency to regard analogies between artforms and linguistic structures as relevant and illuminating. (Kraut, 2007:177). It is said that Jazz improvisation is analogous to spontaneous speech.'(ibid). In other words, it means that all minority languages have their unique aesthetic values. For an instance, China is unified multiracial nation and 56 tribes are living together in an extensive land. The numbers of minority tribes languages are around 60. Even though they are minority languages, their aesthetic values are proved by their literatures. Tibetians literary value is excellent and its Gesaer, written in the 13th century BC, has been well-known as the longest heroic epic over the world. Dong, one of minority ethnic groups in China has their native language, Kradai. It is told that Kradai is a profusion of musical value because it has various tones and vocabularies. Kradai has been developed in unique musical ways of Dongs people. It is known that Kradai is the most complex language over the world because it has 15 tones whilst the language of the Han race in China has 4 tones. As a matter of fact, its complexity contributed to make its aesthetic value. Therefore, it is natural that this great value dies if minority languages of Chinas minority ethnic groups die. For these three cultural values, which are academic, ethnic and aesthetic values, it is self-evident that minority languages are definitely deserved to be protected and transmit to their next generations as their great legacy. That is to say, minority languages are not a part of culture and a method of communications but culture itself. When a language dies, a culture dies. Conclusion In conclusion, it is urgently asked at this time to protect minority languages. Firstly, it is essential that the endangered languages ought to be found, stabilised all linguistic functions and all people help them be transmitted to next generations. Secondly, it is needed to make preserving minority languages be an important part of Conservation ethic. It means that people should realise that our language is equally one of the great natural environments and endeavour to protect our linguistic environment. Lastly, there has to be unremitting exertion for native language education even if it is minority language. For an instance, some Korean scholars pointed out to Koreas education environment just focused on English instead of Hangeul, Korean language and predicted there will be no Hangeul after 200 years if we keep this education system. Minority language education is important especially for next generations. Therefore, the fact that extinction of a language engenders extinction of a culture should be remembered to all generations and make a great effort to preserve minority languages. Bibliography Ellis, Anthony (2005). Minority Rights and the Preservation of Languages. Cambridge Journals: 199-217. The Royal institute of Philosophy. Harrison, David. K. (2007). When Languages Die: The Extinction of the Worlds Languages and the Erosion of Human Knowledge. USA, Oxford University Press. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7206411.stm (Accessed 08 November 2010). Kraut, Robert. (2007). Artworld Metaphysics. Oxford Scholarship Online: January 2008. Nettle, D. and S. Romaine (2000). Vanishing voices : the extinction of the worlds languages. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Romaine, Suzanne. (2007). Preserving Endangered Languages. Language and Linguistics compass 1/1-2:115-132. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Zhurzhenko, Tatiana. (2002). Language Politics in Contemporary Ukraine: Nationalism and Identity Formation. IWM Junior Visiting Fellows Conferences, Vol. XII/2.

City Ordinances and State Laws :: Expository Essays

City Ordinances and State Laws In the spirit of civic duty, I thought I'd inform you, the responsible citizen of Mount Vernon, of some of the important laws that we live by. Combining my copious amounts of free time with my love of the mundane, I dug through our city's ordinance code as well as state law to unearth some rules we all need to know about. First off, let it be known that many of these crimes come with penalties. State laws can carry heavy prison time while city ordinances come with fines up to $500. Bearing this serious business in mind, let us begin. We all know not to start fights or provoke violence, but there are other more important things to know about. For instance, never ever harass someone via a telegraph. Don't even think about it. In fact, don't "circulate a report or warning" of an epidemic, either. Imagine the pandemonium that could result if you convinced them that your incessant smoker's cough could spread syphilis. State law prohibits these things. Public nuisances, usually found in the city code, are my personal favorites. Do not, for goodness sake, keep flammable, "unreasonably" offensively smelling, "noisome," toxic or otherwise objectionable stuff on your lawn. Leaving exploded gas station burritos in your dorm microwave is OK. Furthermore, keeping diseased animals (even if they're tied up) or animal carcasses (even if they just look like they're asleep) is not just a bad idea; it's also against the law. The city's ordinances go to great lengths to protect our beloved streets and sidewalks and the inhabitants thereof. If you cannot find a safe sidewalk to walk or run on in Mount Vernon, you must stay on the left side of the road. No exceptions. Considering tying your sled to the back of a car and riding it around? Don't even think about it. Sled/car combinations are illegal. Thinking about building some kind of device to launch cantaloupes or other large melons at oncoming traffic? Forget it. Shooting things into the street is prohibited. In fact, simply obstructing a sidewalk is a serious offense. Leaving something like grass clippings or a car on a sidewalk is illegal. Waiting more than 48 hours to clear the sidewalk of snow or ice is illegal. Leaving an open flame or unspent fuel on a sidewalk is illegal too. If you encounter anyone committing these offenses, call the police immediately and tell them it is a critical emergency.

The last chapter of the novel ‘The Crucible’

‘Here. Now. It's all clear,' whispered Abigail coarsely, choking back a cough. Mercy squeezed through the small gap in the fence to join Abigail the other side. Together, grasping each other's hands for comfort, they darted through the trees, into the forest that served as a barrier between the sea and Salem. They ran along a faint path of trampled grass, till they arrived at a clearing, the same clearing where they and the others had danced six months ago. They stopped at the edge, panting for breath, with the moonlight streaming in through the gap in the trees illuminating the way ahead. They gazed around in silence, till Mercy sniggered. ‘I was just rememb'rin' the time we danced, and Parris,' she paused, smiling in amusement, ‘and Parris, he saw me dancin' naked!' ‘Aye, and dear Betty,' said Abby, ‘she were too young, we should never have let her come.' ‘That were wierdish, though. She lay on her bed, frozen, whimp'ring for her Mama. Aye, that were wierdish.' ‘Mary meant to tell-I know it. I remember her words even now, ‘Witchery's a hangin' error', ‘it's a sin to conjure',' Abby imitated, with a likeness that caused Mercy to shiver with remembrance as it all came back to her head. ‘Did you hear what happened to Tituba? She left the courtroom with Sarah Good, shoutin' to a cow ‘Take me home, Devil; Devil take me home.' She told them all that the Devil, ‘him be pleasure-man in Barbados!† Mercy laughed, as Abby ran through the trees shouting charms in Tituba's Barbados accent. ‘You beg me conjure, come, make charm with me!' Abby shrieked, violently swaying over an imaginary fire, as Tituba had done, calling out the names of the ingredients as she plucked them from the air. She beckoned to Mercy in a low whisper, ‘Come try Tituba's charm, come drink to kill Goody Proctor.' ‘Abby, you'll make me dream corruptions soon, and yourself,' said Mercy, with a serious tone to her voice. ‘You make me think I did see spirits, that I did see that yellow bird, on the beam, behind the rafter in the court room.' ‘Come on Mercy, you're harder than that,' teased Abby, ‘if I hadn't seen your face, I would have thought you were Mary Warren.' Mercy playfully punched Abby in the arm. Abby lay there shivering as the cold night breeze passed through the forest, whistling through the trees. The events of the last six months ran through her head, it was only the spring when they had danced. The bluebells had gone now, but the memories hadn't. The trial had taken its toll on Abby, her face was pale and the bags under her eyes grew each day. The days that went on forever in the courtroom, tirelessly questioned, till they got the answer they wanted, truth or not. She still had the guilt feeling in her, that Proctor's death was not meant to happen, and that she could have stopped it. But she forced this to the back of her mind, but it haunted her when her mind was still, each night, and slowly, it was wearing her down. She looked over at Mercy, whose large figure was stretched out on the grass beside her, her mouth wide open, loudly inhaling the cold air. Mercy was a tough girl, she had to be to work at the Putnams', yet had a conscience but Abby knew that it could easil y be convinced by some persuasive talking. She slowly drifted into doze but was easily awoken by the first light of dawn. She leapt up, knowing they had to be out of the region fast, or else they would be caught, made to return and punished. Within minutes, Mercy and Abby were running through the trees till they were out in the open fields at least three miles from Salem. ‘We'll have to stop for some food at a farm, else we'll never make it to Andover,' Mercy said. ‘When the sun rises over those hills,' said Abby pointing to the East where the red, early morning light was focused. ‘Then we'll find the nearest farm, and get somethin' till last us till tonight.' They walked for an hour, hardly talking. Their shoes pounded on the dirt track road, with an urgency that urged them to walk faster. They reached a turning to a farm, and turned down. ‘I'm goin' to talk to the farmer,' said Abby, taking control. ‘Stay a few metres back, but still in view.' Abby strided on up to the door and beat her fist on it, before Mercy could argue. ‘Good Sir, we have been travellin' for over a week now, and our bodies are weak. We had to leave our small village as Mercy, this girl here, she was found guilty of traffickin' with spirits.' Abby's voice deliberately started to crackle, as if attempting to hold in her tears but not very successfully. ‘She was so weak; I felt I couldn't leave her to run away by herself, if she didn't, she would have had to face the rope, and I care for her, I do.' ‘Aye,' the farmer said, nodding. ‘And so you gave all up for this sinner here.' ‘Aye, 'tis right good Sir. My name will be soiled in these parts, but Mercy would never have made it to Boston by herself. I felt it my duty as a friend.' A tear dropped from Abby's eye, and she made no attempt to wipe it away. ‘I'm sure my wife will have some spares for you,' said the farmer, smiling kindly down at her. ‘But she won't like you sharing it with your friend, she will never help the devil in any way. Goody Jones, do you have any left of yesterday's pie?' ‘Aye, of course, I'll bring it to you right away,' called a voice from within the small old building. Within moments, a small plump lady had appeared, with a kind smile, and welcoming eyes, like her husband's. ‘Oh, how long have you been travelling, child?' she asked, looking at Abby, ‘you'll need to get some of this down you soon. Here let me wrap it up in a cloth.' She disappeared again, for a moment, ferreted around in some drawers, and appeared with a patterned cloth to wrap up the pie. ‘Here you go. And safe journey.' ‘Safe journey,' called the two of them, as Abby turned round and started to walk towards Mercy. She stopped at the sight of Mercy's face. It was tense with anger, and as red as the fresh berries on the bush nearby. ‘Abigail Williams, how dare you? You lied, you lied, I never-‘ she broke off in anger. Her eyes could have shot like arrows. Her body was stiff and started to shake. ‘We had to get food, I had to,' Abby replied defiantly. ‘You lied,' repeated Mercy, spitting the words out as if they were poisonous. ‘You had to leave too, Abigail Williams, we left as you could not walk through the village without hearing your soiled name mentioned, and people running from your face. It were not my fault we had to leave, Abby, 'twas yours as well. Tell them that, Abby, tell them that you caused the death of John Proctor, and mark it Abby, mark it, Elizabeth is sure to hang once her baby is born.' Mercy was almost shouting by now. Abby kicked a stone in the road. ‘Look we had to get food,' she explained, knowing she shouldn't have, but never prepared to admit. ‘I'm goin' to Andover, and then to Boston. I don't care about you, I saved you Mercy from the judges, I saved you, and this is how you repay me? Well Mercy Lewis, you go by yourself and I'll go by myself and we'll see who gets there in the end.' ‘Fine, I can manage myself, I'm eighteen now, older than you, and you never helped, just caused problems. 'twas your fault we danced, you begged Tituba to conjure, because of you, Abigail Williams, the whole country's talkin' witchcraft.' At this, Abby turned her back on Mercy and strode down the dirt track, her eyes focused on the skyline ahead, not turning to look back, at Mercy's aghast face. She smiled a tight, forced smile, but she was happy, Mercy was shocked. Mercy's face was frozen in horror, the words had just come out of her mouth, she knew, although she was older than Abby, she couldn't look after herself, and Abby could. It was Abby's imagination that had lied them through, it was Abby's determination that would get her to Boston, it was Abby who could look after herself, not Mercy. She could never give in to Abby, so she turned dejectedly back down the long straight road and started to walk the long way back to Salem. She dragged her feet on the ground, wishing she hadn't said anything. She was tempted to run after her, but it was too far, and that was exactly what Abby wanted. Abby, meanwhile, was far in the distance. She sat down on a boulder by the side of the road to rest her aching feet. She closed her eyes and thought of Boston. She imagined the skyline view, the way it had always been described. A big town, busy with people, no one would know her name, or what she had done. She was about to start a new life. She could smell all the market fish, and could hear the buzz of noise from the inhabitants. The place was alive with colour, she had left Salem, and its old wooden buildings, her mud covered clothes, faded in time. Her life seemed awash of brown and grey, but now as she thought ahead, she dreamt of the exciting new start, about to begin.

Essay4 1

Essay4 1 Essay4 1 Sydea Gardner Professor Shipps English 101 December 11, 2104 Police brutality today, is becoming more and more of a prevalent issue in the year of 2014. This issue not only has an impact to the involving families, but also to the community and the justice system that America has built for today. Even though, police brutality is a problem, the bigger social issue is the lack of justice giving to the falling victims. The way that we can see improvement in the justice system i s for congress to develop a new law and punishment, that specifically deals with situations such as police brutality and wrongful killing by the police. An situation that police brutality occurred without any justice is the recent case of Eric Garner. On July 7th, 2014, In the city of New York Eric Garner was killed from a deadly chokehold that is also illegal, by a Staten Island police official Daniel Pantaleo. Just moments before Eric Garner took his last breathe he repeatedly expressed to the police office that he could not breathe. There was no CPR given to Eric Garner for the time he passed out due to compression to his chest and neck. An hour after the incident Eric Garner was pronounced dead at the hospital. Wikipedia issued that " City medical examiners concluded that Garner was killed by neck compression, along with "the compression of his chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police and ruled his death as a homicide". With video footage of this incident, Five months later a grand jury made the decision not to indict the police officer who used the illegal and deadly chokehold on unarmed civilian, Eric Garner. This injustice quickly spread worldwide and made citizens the courage to start protests and rallies for police indictment throughout the states. This issue impacts the family members of Eric Garner, by not having peace of mind that his killer of their father, husband, son and friend was not brought the formal punishment for his wrongful action and was overlooked by the justice system. Before Eric Garner there was a case very similar to it, the case of Oscar Grant. On January 1st, 2009,

Bioethanol, a Potential Fuel Revolution

Bioethanol, a Potential Fuel Revolution Simply put, bioethanol is ethanol (alcohol) that is derived exclusively from the fermentation of plant starches. Though ethanol can be extracted as a byproduct from a chemical reaction with ethylene and other petroleum products, these sources are not considered renewable and therefore disqualify most ethanol from being considered bioethanol. Chemically, bioethanol is identical to ethanol and can be represented by either the formula C2H6O or C2H5OH. Really, bioethanol is a marketing term for the products that do not have immediate harm to the environment through burning and use of natural gas. It can be fermented from sugar cane, switchgrass, grains, and agricultural waste.   Environmental Benefits All fuel combustion- regardless of how eco-friendly it is- generates dangerous emissions that harm the earths atmosphere. However, the burning of ethanol, especially bioethanol, has far fewer emissions than gasoline or coal. For that reason, the burning of bioethanol, especially in vehicles that can use fuels derived from them, is much better for the environment than some other alternative fuel sources.   Ethanol, in general, reduces greenhouse emissions by up to 46% compared to gasoline, and the added bonus of bioethanol not relying on harmful chemical processing means it further minimizes the harmful effects of gasoline use. According to the United States Energy Information Administration,  unlike gasoline, pure ethanol is non-toxic and biodegradable, and it quickly breaks down into harmless substances if spilled. Still, no fuel combustion is good for the environment, but if you must drive a car for work or pleasure, perhaps consider switching to a flex-fuel vehicle capable of processing ethanol-gasoline blends. Other Types of Biofuel Biofuels can be broken down into five types: bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biobutanol, and biohydrogen. Like bioethanol, biodiesel is derived from plant matter. Specifically, the fatty acids in vegetable oils are used to create a powerful substitute through a process known as transesterification. In fact, McDonalds now converts much of its vegetable oil to biodiesel to reduce their companys large carbon footprint. Cows actually produce methane in such large amounts in their burps that theyre one of the largest contributors to emissions in the natural world- impacted significantly by commercial farming. Methane is a type of biogas which is produced during digestion of biomass or the burning of wood (pyrolysis). Sewage and manure can also be used to create biogas! Biobutanol and biohydrogen  are both yielded through biological means of further breaking down butanol and hydrogen from the same materials as bioethanol and biogas. These fuels are common replacements for their synthetic or chemically engineered, more harmful counterparts.

G. I. Jane Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

G. I. Jane - Movie Review Example Director, Producer and Writers of this film are Ridley Scott and Roger Birnbaum; and Danielle Alexandra and David Twohy (writers) respectively. Main actors are Demi Moore (as Jordan O'Neil), Viggo Mortensen (Master Chief James Urgayle) and Anne Bancroft (Sen. Lillian DeHaven). Film officially released on 22 August 1997. Cinematography goes to Hugh Johnson while Editor is Pietro Scalia. It is distributed by Hollywood Pictures (United States). Budget is $50,000,000. Running time is 124 minutes. G. I. Jane covers internal and external conflicts a modern and upright woman faces in this man dominated American culture. This film presents diverse aspects of psychology and sensitivities of a contemporary woman. Causal restlessness of women versus stereotype discriminatory attitudes of men is shown in this film in very effective way. This restiveness turns into O'Neil's struggle to claim her dignity of being an equal human being. Women's sexual discrimination even in professional institutions like the national army is also characterized in this feature film. This film addresses gender concepts such as sex-role congruency, androcentrism, traditional stereotype military culture, sexist discrimination of women against a backdrop of norms set up by man dominated socio-political ethos. Characters like Jordan O'Neil are related as deviants in this situation - be it military, social, political or otherwise (Andrews 74-94, Dunivin 531-547, Norman 56-57, Palmer 1687). During military training, O'Neil had to use steps while climbing wall in a live-fire session. Cortez left her in the lurch. Still she could finish her live-fire exercise well in time though with some extra time allowed for women. Had O'Neil been participating like all other men, she would not have required additional concession given to her. Had Cortez been in her place, he might have failed in live-fire timing! In a combat operation, O'Neil saved the life of Master Chief James Urgayle. In another scene, she had been to the Senator to ask for equal treatment to her vis--vis other men in the army while the concerned Senator was behind a plan to fire her out from army due to motivated political vested interests. G. I. Jane is replete with such instances of O'Neil voicing her fight for equal treatment to her in the army. She even went to the barber to cut her beautiful long hair just to look like other men in the army. All these instances of O'Neil's fight point to inherent overt and covert attitudes of men towards women as examples of gender concepts anent sex-role congruency, androcentrism, traditional stereotype image and sexist discrimination of women. Such pointers focus attention of the viewer of G. I. Jane on the deep rooted psychological malaise and traditional outlook towards women in society, State and politics. Relevance Women are serving national army from the First World War onwards. Despite this, the context of proper socialization of women-in-combat is still a ticklish matter. Women-in-combat becomes even more controversial for it confronts societal stereotype gender roles, military readiness, military effectiveness, and unequal opportunities. This situation of varied sex discrimination of women continues although -- in the name of equality between the sexes -- gender-norming stands introduced to the military since 1970s. Gender-norming is there for

Is It Possible for Passengers to Hack Commercial Aircraft Essay

Is It Possible for Passengers to Hack Commercial Aircraft - Essay Example For a hacker to succeed in his or her endeavors, he or she has to possess adequate skills to penetrate networks. Basically, they have to exploit weak links within secured systems to enable them induce their ill-fated viruses that will enable them access to information, override protocols, destroy data or even allow them to have full control of the hacked system remotely (zetter, hackers could comandeer new planes through passenger wi-fi, 2015). Back to my question, is it possible for passengers to hack into commercial aircrafts systems? To answer that, it is important to understand its system better for vulnerabilities. In an ease to be more competitive in the market, quite a number of airlines today offer internet connectivity through systems called in-flight Wi-Fi. The working of this system is that passengers connect their devices through Wi-Fi inbuilt in mobile devices to the Wi-Fi router in the plane, which connects their devices to the internet. This feature is currently in service in a large number of united airlines planes among other airlines. This aircraft feature provides a potential threat to attack from hackers. A plane has a system known as the avionics system, which controls various systems in an aircraft including flight controls and even the autopilot feature in planes. Here is where the risk comes in. the Wi-Fi system that connects passengers to the web is connected to the avionics systems mentioned above separated by a firewall security system. Many might think that hacking may be prevented by the availability of a strong firewall system yet firewalls are not impenetrable. Back in the year 2013, the Federal Reserve Bank website was hacked by an unknown hacker posting a link on a third party website which allowed users to download the stolen contact information from the banks’ website (zetter, is ti posible for passengers to hack comercial

Digital Reconsruction of America Tropical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Digital Reconsruction of America Tropical - Essay Example The America Tropical was created during the height of Siqueiros’ haunt for justice and freedom for all oppressed. He expressed it through that mural about all race whether Indians, Creoles, African-American, Mexican-Americans who were tyrannized by their governments. The mural scandalized officials of Olvera Street because it signifies imperialism and a very powerful statement. Olvera Street is an epitome of a Mexican marketplace, which is old-fashioned, folkloric, precious, busy, crowded, and persistently evading anything about political, outrageous and political. In other words, it is a very conservative and historic place for tourists and people who want a peaceful life in their surroundings. Siqueiros broke the silence when he painted it on the street combined with the political theme, but due to wide resistance from the officials, the mural eventually covered by white paint. But then again, the white paint in fact protected the mural from the effects of heavy rain and ext reme exposure to sunlight. Due to widespread acceptance and requests from Chicano artists, they campaigned for the preservation of the America Tropical and a groundbreaking ceremony was held for the restoration of the mural through a platform at the Olvera Street. Christine Sterling was never appreciative of this kind of artwork, she advocated for the rebuilding of the street into a tourist attraction with a theme of a Mexican marketplace. She wanted to expose the city’s Mexican heritage and even hired laborers from the recruited from the local jail to pursue her plans. She really wanted to preserve the city’s rich Mexican influence, but in essence, she never consulted the community of Mexican-Americans to discuss on how they can elaborate the significance and content of the restoration. It is subjective and the approach is more of authoritarian rather than participatory. She deprived the real voice and symbol of Olvera Street, which is the Mexican heritage and struggl e of the people in pursuit for freedom and justice. The objectives of Sterling is kind of related to the Mission Myth because of the romanticism it gets from the restoration and reconstruction project that only depicts tourism, charm and beauty behind the culture and Mexican heritage (Cadge-Moore). It does not encompass the reality of the heritage that is struggle and freedom for social justice and oppression. In addition, elements behind Sequeiros’ mural does not complement with the views of Sterling. The mural portrayed a central figure of an indigenous peasant tied around the double- crossed wood and above the Indian peasant is an eagle representing imperialism as the artist wanted to convey the many sufferings of the people under the government tyranny. A controversial masterpiece of Siqueiros combined public street art with political and revolutionary leanings. While Sterling wanted to create a venue of romanticism and contentment. Frida Kahlo Frida Kahlo is known for he r strong and progressive character who embraced her Mexican heritage throughout her lifetime. Although less influential during her time, her works became popular in the 20th century due to Chicano Movement. She joined the revolution along with her husband, Diego Rivera. Her paintings became a symbol of her character defining her experience and sufferings. One painting is her self-portrait entitled, â€Å"

Union Membership Trend Essay Example for Free

Union Membership Trend Essay On January 27 of this year the annual labor report was released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. On this very same day the USA Today along with several other media vultures jumped on this information as if they knew what was already going to be on it. The article titled â€Å"Union membership up slightly, outlook in doubt† written by Sam Hananel, summarized the numbers in detail and left no doubt that the current union membership trend will continue in its downward slide. The fact is union membership has been in decline since 1980, and back then the percentage of covered salaried or wage workers was only about 20%. Today the percentage of unionized workers stands at 11.8% down 0.1% from the previous year. The funny thing about these numbers is the political spin everyone has put on them, to include Mr. Hananel; which makes me wonder if I’ve missed some fine print. Upon further review of the article at hand I still remain convince that a negative union membership trend will continue along with the current government practice of downplaying the numbers. Even though the author tried to put a positive on the numbers that fortunate don’t lie. The current percentages of unionized workers mirrors those on record from the time of the â€Å"Great Depression.† The current recession, that yes, we’re still in, doesn’t bode well for any significant positive upswing in union membership. The government will continue to introduce and press on rhetoric that will equate the union membership decline to republican legislative action as this reporter took the liberty of, in mentioning Wisconsin, while dismissing the actions of a democratic legislature in California that succeeded in reducing union benefits. The numbers provided also shed more light on government efforts, which have been dismal at best at all levels. Now labor organizers are focusing some of their efforts on government workers; in an attempt to lure them in as members, but the reality of this trend is that those numbers are severely limited at a time when government workers have not received a raise in two years and are still waiting to see  if they’ll receive one come January 1st while a world-wide hiring freeze was also implemented in January of this year and thus lifted with limitations on certain agencies in July. I don’t believe union membership will ever attain a level in membership numbers that will come close in comparison to the apex reached in the 1930’s when a 1/3 of the salaried workforce was represented. Government Legislation over the years has provided adequate protection for today’s workforce. As the swell in interest on Human Resources activities has created a better management tool for businesses to not only protect themselves but their employees also. I still believe more can be done to protect all workers regardless of union or non-union affiliation. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/workplace/story/2012-01-27/union-membership-growing/52817346/1

Inductive Exegesis Paper -- Religion, Bible, Paul

CONTEXT Most NT Scholars acknowledge 1 Thessalonians was written by Paul and dated around A.D. 50. The recipients were new converted Christians in Thessalonica where Paul newly built the infant church on the second missionary trip. To understand the reason why Paul wrote the letter, we need to explore into the situation of Thessalonians’ church has dealt with. Acts 17 describes the church of Thessalonica was being non-stop attacked since it was set up. The attacks reflected in Paul wrote some â€Å"bad word† against the oppressors (1 Thess 2:14b) and reminded the Thessalonians he had warned them in before (3:4). The oppositions and attacks became so severely that Paul and his companions had to leave Thessalonica suddenly. They were continually chased in Beroea until they furthered to Athens. Since Paul has not spent much time in this infant church, he was so worry about the newly converters faith. Paul tried to go back to Thessalonica but he was blocked. (2:17-18). Then, he sent Timothy back to Thessalonica to pasture them. Timothy finally brought back good news by reporting the church was standing firmly in faith (3:6), but might need â€Å"more teaching in certain area and of encouragement in trials.† Paul obviously could not go back at that time and in this context he wrote the letters of 1 and 2 Thessalonians. The 1 Thessalonians consists two halves: the first half (1:6-3:13) concerns Paul's original visit to Thessalonica and the converters responses to the Gospel. The second half (4:1-5:22) is Paul's teaching on the Thessalonian believers about the issues of conduct and beliefs. In Chapter 4, Paul begins with â€Å"Finally, brother† (v.1) obviously indicating he is turning to a new set of topics to advise. After making advice on mai... ...Thess 4:13-18 expressed how Paul interprets the relation of Jesus’ resurrection and the Parousia. Since 1 Cor 15 Paul has also discussed the issue of Jesus’ resurrection, this passage, written early than 1 Corinthians, provides good cross reference for further investigation of how Paul viewing Jesus’ resurrection. And Paul expresses different Christ’ works and identities in this passage which providing good resources in preaching and Bible study in the church. Question 1.Paul does not clearly explain about the status of resurrection, is same as Jesus’ resurrection, is body resurrection (Jesus showed his hands and wound ribs to ten disciples and Thomas) or in other form? 2. The apocalyptic depictions of â€Å"word of command†, â€Å"archangel figures† and â€Å"trumpet of God† have not been explored much in this paper for lack of space. I think we should ponder more in detail.

Catcher in The Rye Essay -- essays research papers

Catcher in the Rye   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  J.D Salinger’s novel â€Å"Catcher in the Rye,† focuses mainly on Holden Caulfield because he is the narrator and the novel is about his memory of characters and events throughout the story. These characters are more than just remembrances but actually help the reader to better understand Holden. Mr. Antolini, Phoebe, and Jane Gallagher are all characters that help fully characterize Holden.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Antolini helps the reader better understand Holden’s hasty judgments about characters in the novel. He is one of the few people in the novel who Holden respects and does not consider a â€Å"phony.† Holden respects Mr. Antolini because he understands him and does not treat him like an inferior student like the rest of his teachers do. Mr. Antolini is very open with Holden and this is shown when he lets him stay the night in his apartment. Holden’s quick judgments of people are shown and better understood when Mr. Antolini touches his forehead while he sleeps in chapter 24. â€Å"I know more damn perverts, at schools and all, than anybody you ever met, and they’re always being perverty when I’m around.†(192) Holden jumps to conclusions right away when he wakes up to Mr. Antolini touching his forehead. Instead of thinking that his teacher was just showing affection and care for a student he is very quick to think that he is a pervert and homosexual. In the quote Holden says, â€Å"they’re always being perverty when I’m around,† this is more evidence that Holden jumps to conclusions and is quick with assumptions rather than to think about what it is to be a pervert. He thinks that he is just in the wrong place at the wrong time but it is more likely that he just assumes they are being â€Å"perverty† when they are truly not. Another example of Holden being quick with judgment is directly after the incident happens. Without letting the incident sink in, Holden changes into his clothes and runs out of the apartment. Mr. Antolini and the events that take place in his apartment help the reader fully understand Holden. Mr. Antolini is a compassionate person and his actions are out of care for his friend and student, Holden’s quick and hasty judgment is shown when he overlooks Mr. Antolini’s concern and affection for a homosexual advance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phoebe is another character that helps the reader bet... ...y voice was shaking something awful.† Holden’s helplessness to realize that sex can be casual is showing that he is immature and that he doesn’t want to let go of his childhood innocence. Jane’s character, a girl who Holden knows very well and has affection for, has casual sex which makes Holden very upset, this helps the reader better understand Holden’s immatureness and his refusal to let go of his childhood innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† the reader is able to better understand Holden by the characters in his remembrances. Mr. Antolini, a person who shows affection for Holden, shows the reader that Holden makes quick assumptions and judgments with characters in the novel. Phoebe, Holden’s younger sister, makes it evident to the reader that Holden does not want to grow up, mature, and have a future as an adult. Jane Gallagher’s character also helps the reader better understand Holden by making it evident that he does not want to let go of his childhood innocence. Although Holden’s character is the main focus of the novel, his remembrances of other key characters help define him and give the reader a better understanding of who he is.

Iago’s soliloquy at the end of Act 1 Essay

â€Å"Iago’s soliloquy at the end of Act 1; what does his language tell us about his character and motivation? How does it compare with his language in the rest of the act†? Iago seems to be presented as a Machiavellian villain; he is cunning and always seems to know what’s going to happen. In Iago’s soliloquy at the end of Act 1 Scene3, he says of Roderigo â€Å"thus do I ever make my fool my purse†. This conveys Iago’s character as superior and manipulative. Iago states that Roderigo is a â€Å"fool†; a stupid moron. He also calls him a â€Å"snipe† which is a small bird which also is used to mean unintellegent. Iago refers to Roderigo possessively, referring to him as â€Å"my fool† as if the extent of his own influence makes Roderigo his own possession (as with â€Å"my purse†; purse being an object that is owned). By saying â€Å"I even make† Iago is implying that manipulating a â€Å"fool† for their money is a usual activity for him, as if he always does this. Iago holds such little respect for Roderigo and feels himself so superior that he â€Å"should profane if [he] time expend with such †¦ But for [his] sport and profit†. He’s claiming that Roderigo is so beneath him that it is only for the money (â€Å"profit†) and the game he plays with the characters (â€Å"sport†) that he’d ever bother wasting his time with such an idiot. This seems to be revealing of Iago’s attitude toward social classes. Just because another character is richer or has higher social standing this does not mean that he has any extra respect for them. Taking into account that England in the Elizabethan era worked with strict social classes I think that Shakespeare uses Iago’s lack of respect for the system as another way of demonising him. He is the villain because he believes himself to be superior to everyone else. Iago is Othello’s ‘ancient’. However, Iago obviously feels he is superior to his master. Iago likens Othello to a donkey; a dull, stupid animal. Iago says Othello will â€Å"be led by th’ nose. As asses are†. Asses, or donkeys, are literally led by the nose with a harness. Might the harness be the society they are both part of? This implies that Othello is not free. It implies that he is tamed, obedient, dependent and without a mind of his own. It is Iago’s intention to use this harness to lead Othello to his ruin. In act 1 scene 1 Iago reveals his views on the roles of master and servant (in his case ancient) to Roderigo. Iago’s opinions show his perceived superiority in his character. Iago says how there are â€Å"many a duteous and knee crooking knave that†¦wears out his time, much like his master’s ass†. He is saying that the dutiful are â€Å"knee crooking†, meaning that they bow down, accepting their inferiority. To say that a subordinate â€Å"wears out his time much like his master’s ass† shows how he feels that they waste their lives being another’s workhorse while receiving none of the profits. In this respect Iago feels himself above Othello. By later referring to Othello as an â€Å"ass† he could be the â€Å"knee crooking knave† to the governors of Venice. This is what I feel is supposed to be conveyed by the line: â€Å"were I the Moor, I would not be Iago†. Iago is resentful of the lack of recognition he has received from his society. I would say that Iago has motivation against his society. He misses out on promotion and Cassio takes the position. He resents Cassio for being better educated and of higher social standing. From scene 1 Iago says â€Å"I know my price, I am worth no worse a place† when telling Roderigo of being passed over for promotion. I think that Shakespeare has Iago say this because he’s supposed to be resentful of the lack of recognition he’s received. By saying â€Å"I know my price† he is also saying that no-one else perceives his worth. Iago mentions that Cassio is â€Å"a Florentine† while disrespectfully describing him. That Shakespeare has Iago mention this means that it is relevant. Perhaps that Iago disapproves of a Florentine being promoted in a Venetian army shows he has a kind of respect for the society he’s in. If he is ambitious then he is ambitious toward the higher roles/accomplishments of his own society; Venice. Iago may also feel he has not been duly acknowledged for the fighting he has done for the causes of Venice â€Å"at Rhodes, at Cyprus, and on other grounds Christian and Heathen†. By not being advanced he may have felt the sacrifices he made were not appreciated, as if he’d been cheated, which may explain why he cheats so much in the conventions of his society. Iago is presented as being a very effective user of language. He seems to know exactly the right language to use in order to affect the decisions of the other characters. When bating Brabantio he uses course language about his family to infuriate him. Instead of merely informing Brabantio of his daughter’s whereabouts and who she is with Iago tells him that â€Å"your daughter and the moor are now making the beast with two backs†. â€Å"Making the beast with two backs† is a crude euphemism for having sex. â€Å"Beast† implies that the sex is ugly and savage. Iago uses the word ‘moor’ instead of his name, Othello, to bring attention to his race as opposed to his high rank and standing in Venice. Iago knows how to offend. He immediately starts referring to Brabantio’s family in animal terms; â€Å"you’ll have your nephews neigh to you; you’ll have coursers for cousins and jennets for germans†. In the Elizabethan era it was probably a taboo to have a mixed race marriage probably because people of African origins would have been considered inferior. This is a reason why Iago refers to Othello as a horse (â€Å"coursers for cousins†). As a further example of Iago’s ability to alarm through his seemingly perverted perception would be â€Å"you’ll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse†. Iago alarms him by conjuring bestial imagery. Bestiality is sacrilegious, which a few hundred years ago was more important than it is now. Perhaps this sacrilegious imagery influenced Brabantio to rationalise his daughter’s behaviour as witchcraft. Shakespeare presents Iago as an effective liar. This must be the case as Othello refers to him in Act one as â€Å"Honest Iago†. He also describes him as â€Å"a man he is of honesty and trust†. Despite Iago keeping Roderigo’s presents to Desdemona for himself he still can convince him of his trustworthiness. When reassuring Roderigo he says â€Å"I have professed me thy friend, and I confess me knit to thy deserving with cables of perdurable toughness†. By claiming that he is Roderigo’s ‘professed’ friend and that he’s prepared to help him with everlasting strength he convinces of his honesty. Iago also successfully manipulates Roderigo by repeatedly suggesting (instructing really) to â€Å"put money in thy purse† so as he can take it from him. Iago repeats this six times. Iago also convinces Roderigo to do his biddings by distracting him with his philosophies; â€Å"Our bodies are our gardens, to which are wills are gardeners†. In this speech Iago basically turns Roderigo’s loss into his own gain.