Footnote Examples

Footnote Examples Footnote Sometimes when writers are writing, there is information that they would like to include or to share with the reader that doesn't really fit into the flow of the narrative or the text. When this happens, writers will use a footnote. A footnote is included at the end of a text, or at least at the bottom of a page of text, and it includes extra, or ancillary, material. This information is not necessarily needed to understand the text, but it often provides context that can support understanding. In addition, footnotes are sometimes used to give information about the source of information or copyright information. The example below is a text where several footnotes have been added. Notice that each footnote is noted with a superscript number, and then the footnote is inserted at the bottom of the page. Footnotes are numbered consecutively throughout a text-the numbers do not restart on subsequent pages. Examples of Footnote: When the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was reauthorized in 2004, it was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)1 and included a provision for states to use a process of measuring how a student responds to research-based interventions in the determination of eligibility under the category of specific learning disability: "In determining whether a child has a specific learning disability, a local educational agency may use a process that determines if the child responds to scientific, research-based intervention" (20 U.S.C. à ¸ ¢Ã  ¸â€¡1400)2. This provision banned the requirement of a discrepancy model in the identification of students with specific learning disabilities. Instead, the legislation allowed for the use of a process "based on the child's response to scientific, research-based intervention" (Duffy, 2007, p. 2). This process is most commonly referred to as Response to Intervention, or RTI. By 2007, a year after th e regulations for IDEA were finalized, all but Sailors, A. (2014). Policy implementation as situated dialogue: A case study of response to intervention 1) Although the legislation was renamed at the time of reauthorization in 2004, it is still widely referred to in the literature and practice as IDEA. The addition of the word "Improvement" is significant, in light of the new focus on student outcomes rather than merely on equal access. However, throughout the rest of the paper, I will refer to the law as IDEA, as that is the widely recognized acronym. 2) For additional language from the legislation, see appendix A. 3) Previously, a student was found eligible for a specific learning disability through the use of standardized measures of mental ability and achievement to determine if a discrepancy existed between the two. (RTI) implementation using a philosophical hermeneutic frame. Dissertation. University of Georgia: Athens, GA. USA

Benefits Of Diversity And Inclusion - 1657 Words

Introduction Diversity and inclusion are hot topics in today’s business world. While treating individuals fairly and equally is a social imperative, it is also extremely important to the success of a business. With the changing demographics of society and its affect on the American workforce, organizations must truly embrace diversity and inclusion. â€Å"For companies to succeed in the global marketplace, they must make the most of the full range of their people. Companies must attract and retain the right skills, the best minds, all the required resources – and that means diversity† (Royal Bank of Canada, n.d.). There are a number of compelling reasons companies should adopt the core values of diversity and inclusion. This paper sets out to†¦show more content†¦He states that, â€Å"creativity [is] people who care enough to keep thinking about something until they find the simplest way to do it. They keep thinking about something until they find the b est way to do it†¦everybody in our company is responsible to be innovative† (as cited in Tyrangiel, 2012). By cultivating and valuing a diverse workforce, Apple has become the type of organization to develop entirely new lines of products in a single day and enjoy profits from products that did not exist sixty days ago (Tyrangiel, 2012). Another part of Apple’s diversity initiative is their partnership with the National Center for Women Information Technology (NCWIT). Through this partnership, Apple is helping introduce and encourage women to join the technology industry through the Aspirations in Computing program, which serves to â€Å"give support, scholarships, and career opportunities to young women,† (Inclusion Diversity, n.d.). While this may seem like an altruistic program, Apple stands to benefit from this partnership. By engaging young women in the tech industry to further their knowledge and careers, Apple is enlarging their pool of talented emp loyment candidates. In an industry marked by who is the greatest innovator, being a key facilitator in creating the next pool of highly talented and capable employees, just sets Apple up to tap this workforce in the future. Apple’s diversity initiatives also help to make it a leader in the mobile

Alpaca Facts (Vicugna pacos)

The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is the smallest species of camel. Alpacas are closely related to llamas, but they are smaller and have shorter muzzles. While llamas are raised for meat and fur and are used as pack animals, alpacas are kept for their silky, hypoallergenic fleece. Fast Facts: Alpaca Scientific Name: Vicugna pacosCommon Name: AlpacaBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 32-39 inchesWeight: 106-185 poundsLifespan: 15-20 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Worldwide, except AntarcticaPopulation: 3.7 millionConservation Status: Not Evaluated (domesticated) Description There are two alpaca breeds. They are the same in terms of height and weight, but the Huacaya appears bulky because of its dense, curly, sponge-like fiber, while the Suri has longer, silkier fiber that hangs in locks. Breeders estimate less than 10% of alpacas are Suris. Both breeds come in a wide array of colors and coat patterns. On average, adult alpacas range from 32 to 39 inches in height at the shoulders and weigh between 106 and 185 pounds. Males tend to be about 10 pounds heavier than females. Alpacas are the smallest members of the camelid family. Llamas stand nearly 4 feet tall at the shoulder and weigh up to 350 pounds, while camels may reach 6.5 feet at the shoulder and weigh over 1,300 pounds. Alpacas have shorter muzzles and ears than llamas. Mature male alpacas and llamas have fighting teeth. A few females develop these additional teeth, too. Llamas in Machu Pichu, Peru. itakayuki  / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Thousands of years ago in Peru, vicuà ±as were domesticated to produce alpacas. Alpacas can breed with llamas, which were domesticated from guanacos. Modern alpacas carry mitochondrial DNA from both vicuà ±as and guanacos. When the Spanish conquistadors invaded the Andes in 1532, 98% of the alpaca population died from disease or was destroyed. Up to the 19th century, alpacas lived almost exclusively in Peru. Today, there are about 3.7 million alpacas. They are found everywhere in the world, except Antarctica. Alpacas are adapted to live at high altitudes with temperate conditions, but they readily adapt to a wide range of habitats. Diet Alpacas are herbivores that graze on grass, hay, and silage. Ranchers sometimes supplement their diet with grain. Like other camelids, alpacas have three-chambered stomachs and chew cub. However, they are not ruminants. A group of white alpacas on a farm in Scotland. Gannet77 / Getty Images Behavior Alpacas are social herd animals. A typical group consists of an alpha male, one or more females, and their offspring. Although alpacas can be aggressive, they are extremely intelligent, easily trained, and able to form strong bonds with humans. Lamoids, including alpacas, communicate via body language and vocalization. Sounds include humming, snorting, grumbling, screaming, screeching, clucking, and snorting. Alpacas can spit when stressed or to indicate lack of interest in a mate. Technically, the spit consists of stomach contents rather than saliva. Alpacas urinate and defecate in a communal dung pile. This behavior makes it possible to house train an alpaca. Reproduction and Offspring While alpacas can breed any time of the year, most ranchers choose spring or autumn. Females are induced ovulators, which means mating and semen cause them to ovulate. For breeding, a male and female may be housed in a pen together or one male may be placed in a paddock with several females. Gestation lasts 11.5 months, resulting in a single offspring, which is called a cria. Rarely, twins may be born. A newborn cria weighs between 15 and 19 pounds. Crias may be weaned when they are six months old and weigh about 60 pounds. Although females are receptive to breeding within a couple of weeks of giving birth, overbreeding can lead to uterine infections and other health problems. Most ranchers only breed alpacas once a year. Females may be bred when they are at least 18 months old and have reached two-thirds of their mature weight. Males may be allowed to breed when they are two to three years of age. The average alpaca lifespan is 15 to 20 years. The longest-lived alpaca reached 27 years of age. An alpaca cria is a smaller version of its parents.   PHOTO 24 / Getty Images Conservation Status Because they are domesticated animals, alpacas do not have a conservation status. The species is abundant and has grown in popularity as demand for alpaca fiber has increased. Alpacas and Humans Alpacas are kept as pets or for their fleece. The fleece is silky, flame-resistant, and lanolin-free. Usually, alpacas are sheared once a year in the spring, yielding between five and ten pounds of fleece per animal. Although they are not routinely killed for meat, alpaca meat is palatable and high in protein. Sources Chen, B.X.; Yuen, Z.X. Pan, G.W. Semen-induced ovulation in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). J. Reprod. Fertil. 74 (2): 335–339, 1985.Salvà ¡, Bettit K.; Zumalacà ¡rregui, Josà © M.; Figueira, Ana C.; Osorio, Marà ­a T.; Mateo, Javier. Nutrient composition and technological quality of meat from alpacas reared in Peru. Meat Science. 82 (4): 450–455, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.02.015Valbonesi, A.; Cristofanelli, S.; Pierdominici, F.; Gonzales, M.; Antonini, M.  Comparison of Fiber and Cuticular Attributes of Alpaca and Llama Fleeces. Textile Research Journal. 80 (4): 344–353 2010. doi:10.1177/0040517509337634Wheeler, Jane C. South American camelids – past, present and future. Journal of Camelid Science. 5: 13, 2012.

Men And Women Communicating Essay - 1819 Words

Men And Women Communicating Communication between males and females has always been somewhat complicated. Because we are arguing that males and females have different cultures we wanted to take a look at what some of these differences might be. According to our research the inherent differences between male and female culture are the different roles that society holds for them and the ways these roles lead to different communication styles. The stereotypes that men and women grow up with affect the types of ways in which they communicate. We first wanted to take a look at how they specifically differ while men and women are arguing or having normal conversations. We also looked at the different types of networks that men and women†¦show more content†¦This causes women to become more vocal. Tannen suggests that status affects many different ways in which men communicate and raises several different examples. One area she found was that men tell more stories and jokes than women. She suggests that they are not doing this to be funny but instead do it to again to negotiate status. They often tell stories in which they are the heroes and act alone to overcome obstacles. While women use storytelling to gain support from her personal networks. They use their stories that, if they are the subject of, contain her doing something foolish to put her at the same level as the listener. In this way women are not concerned with status as with relating and gaining support. Men and women also differ when they are listening. While women tend to use eye contact and head nods to let the speaker know that she is listening. Men often do not use these techniques because they suggest agreement with the speaker. Women also a technique which Tannen calls cooperative overlap. This happens sometimes when women start to speak before the other person finishers speaking. They usually do this to agree and show support for what the speaker is saying. Women see cooperative overlap as a way to continue the conve rsation while men see it as a competitive ploy to gain control of that conversation. In this way communication again is not made clear, men are annoyed because they believe thatShow MoreRelated Communicating Between Men and Women Essay examples1798 Words   |  8 PagesChromosomes Cant Explain This Its no secret that men and women often have difficulty communicating with one another. How many times, for example, have small disagreements combusted into gigantic tragedies with the exchange of only a few words and frustrated expressions? Despite the fact that male and female bodies were obviously made for clear interaction, our respective linguistic capabilities appear to have been scrambled. Some people may wonder how in the hell the human race continuesRead MoreNonverbal Communication Is Defined As `` Messages Expressed By Non Linguistic Means?888 Words   |  4 Pagescontribute to the way we communicate nonverbally. A few of those influences include: gender, culture, and age. â€Å"Men are from Mars, women are from Venus.† People use this metaphor to describe how different men and women actually are. It is easy to identify the most common stereotypical differences in men and women. Everyone is familiar with the characteristics of macho men and delicate women that have developed over the years. There are many jokes, funny plays ,and movies that have been made becauseRead MoreDeborah Tannen s View Of Men And Women967 Words   |  4 Pages Compromise Is the Key In the essay â€Å"Sex, Lies and Conversation: Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other?† by Deborah Tannen, she is comparing the way men and women listen, communicate, and get along together. Tannen states that â€Å"successful cross-cultural communication should begin at home (118).†Instead of women fighting over giving up their lives, or having to uproot their living arrangements for their husband’s job, or having to deal with the daily life of cleaning, cookingRead MoreSocietal Influences On Communication And Perception1230 Words   |  5 Pagescommunication. I will try to discuss gender, development, cultural, and what it makes up in the factors of communications. Culture communicating between cultures has become challenging. Every culture has their own way to communicate with one another. No two individuals belonging to the same culture will communicate the same way they might have different ways in communicating with each other. There is different ways that many cultures could communicate in non-verbal communication. I will list some ofRead MoreRelationship Between A Parent And Child1653 Words   |  7 Pagespart of a healthy relationship is great communication, and when people stop communicating, it causes the couple to stop relating and times of change and stress can bring out the disconnect between each other. As long as a couple continues to communicate, any issues they face can be resolved. Nordenstam (1986) suggests that men and women have different sets of norms of interaction, and recent study shows that women and men have different sets of moral concepts altogether, which is reflected in theirRead More Communication Between Men and Women in Thelma and Louise Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication Between Men and Women in Thelma and Louise Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In communication between men and women, the two genders always communicate differently. Traditionally men communicate facts directly and are less likely to discuss details that have little to do with the conversation. Women traditionally are more careful about what they say and seek to build relationships by the way they communicate. These two forms of communication, direct (traditional male) and indirect (traditionalRead MoreCo-Cultures in a Multicultural Society Paper1314 Words   |  6 Pages Male and female differ in their use of communication because their reasons for communicating are different. Men generally communicate to transmit information and solve specific problems, while women usually use communication to express feelings and achieve emotional intimacy (Dunn, 2009). Women use nonverbal communication more than men, because they feel a closer connection to the opposite sex when communicating. Research has shown girls display more nurturance communication behavior than boysRead MoreLanguage And Gender Of The Workplace842 Words   |  4 Pages By nature, men and women are different. However, when language is involved, men and women use different vocabulary to get their message across to others. â€Å"In a study involving a role-playing investigation, women used more intensive adverbs†¦ than men when communicating† (Knight 116). Women often times do use expressive and eloquent vocabulary, while men use straightforward words to deliver their message. Fo r instance, rather than using â€Å"good† to describe someone’s performance, women might use â€Å"extraordinaryRead MoreCommunication Between Men And Women891 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"If women ruled the world, there would be no wars. Instead, there would be a bunch of jealous countries not talking to each other.† This quote is a perfect example of how communication between men and women vary. Communication has been and will continue to be the most essential aspect of human existence, which happens to differ greatly between men and women. Being aware of the differences between men and women in communication is significant in day-to-day interactions. Normally, conversation is aRead MoreHills Like White Elephants838 Words   |  4 Pagesday prevalence of miscommunication among others, namely men and women. Depicted through the couple and the present issue at hand, Hemingway strives to allude to the unfortunate truth that despite constant speaking among beings , genuine communication continues to fall short and is nearly nonexistent. Existing is the lack of productivity when the true feelings of both parties are not expressed. Continuing this theory, rather than communicating, the couple simply endures one another’s opinions, failing

Leaders Are Born Not Made - 3303 Words

INTRODUCTION In todays world of corporate Leadership, many seem to share the belief that it is possible to send employees to a series of classes and make them leaders. Well, we are here today to alert everyone that Leaders are born, they are not made! How often have you seen people promoted into a position of leadership, but they lack any of the qualities of a true leader? I am sure that this happens in our homes, churches and other areas of life, but today. WHO ARE LEADERS? Who is a leader? By definition, a leader is a person who rules or guides or inspires or influences others. A leader is someone others are willing to follow, almost without question. A person who rules or guides or inspires others. Someone others are willing†¦show more content†¦2006, p. 462). This can be clearly seen in the people who are born with the makings of a leader - there are certain traits that differentiate leaders from non-leaders. â€Å"To suggest that leaders do not enter the world with extraordinary endowment is to imply that people enter the world with equal abilities and with equal talents.† (Cawthon, D L 1996, p. 2) In reference to the great man theory of leadership popularized by Thomas Carlyle (1840), popular in the 19th century according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of great men, or heroes: highly influential individuals who, due to either their personal charisma, intelligence, wisdom, or Machiavellianism utilized their power in a way that had a decisive historical impact. This does not automatically mean that there are no basic attributes essential for leaders which are present in them from birth and cannot be acquired subsequently. This view is summarized in the saying no amount of polish can change grains of the wood. There is substantial evidence to suggest that successful leaders tend to differ from others in many psychological and sociological characteristics such as attitudes, motivations, people orientation, aversion to risk and willingness to take initiative. These qualities cannot be acquired by class room education. But these do not mean that these are determined from birth itself. Many of these characteristics develop at an early ageShow MoreRelatedAre Leaders Made or Are Leaders Born?772 Words   |  4 Pagesold question. Are leaders made or are they born? My belief on this – I believe that a leader is made, not born. Why do I say that? Before going further, lets be clear on one distinction – when we say a leader is made, it does not mean that someone can be taught to become a leader by attending leadership courses. While it helps, it is not enough. Warren Bennis (a leading leadership researcher) believes that one cannot be taught to become a leader but one can learn to be come a leader over the years throughRead MoreLeaders Are Made Not Born1700 Words   |  7 Pages Leaders are made not born. If a person has the desire and willpower it can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training and experience. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledgeRead MoreAre Leaders Born Or Made?1372 Words   |  6 Pagesrespondents to answer the question ‘are leaders born or made?’ The results showed that 52.4% believed leaders are made, 19.1% felt leaders are born and 28.5% thought it was equal. The executives had differing opinions but the ‘leaders are made’ view was more popular. It also revealed that those who indicated ‘leaders are made’ believe that experience is more important than traits or training and what people learn over time is important. Those who indicated ‘leaders are born’ believe traits and experienceRead MoreAre Leaders Made Or Born?992 Words   |  4 PagesAre leaders made or born ? The ever-persistent question asked when someone starts talking about leadership. To this I say we were all born, correct? Leaders and the leadership role are not inherited traits passed down through the DNA genome pool of the extraordinary powerful leaders. No, they build upon their naturally skills and abilities, and observe behaviors of great leaders before them. Believing in themselves that their best is yet to come. So the answer is neither, great leaders adapt and learnRead MoreLeaders Are Born Not Made1652 Words   |  7 Pages‘Leaders are born not made’. To what extent you agree or disagree with this statement? Justify your answer using leadership theories and relevant examples. Christopher King u3107827 Tutorial: Monday 0930 – Daniel Oyston Word count: â€Æ' Intro ‘The most dangerous leadership myth is that leaders are born – that there is a genetic factor to leadership. This myth asserts that people simply either have certain charismatic qualities or not. That’s nonsense; in fact, the opposite is true. Leaders are madeRead MoreLeaders Are Born Or Made?801 Words   |  4 PagesThe question of whether leaders are born or made, is one that has been asked just as much as which came first, the chicken or the egg. It is a question, which all of us ponder through our own journey in leadership. For most of us, becoming an effective leader is hard and daunting work. Some of us grow up wanting to be leaders, while others sort of just fall into leadership, without really realizing when or how they became leaders. For some, leadership begins at an early age, perhaps during childhoodRead MoreLeaders Are Born Or Made?1062 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will argue whether leaders are born or made. This will be done by discussing s ome relevant theories of leaderships such as the trait, situational and behavioural theories. It will also discuss the differences between leadership and management. Furthermore, the Contingency theories which are related to sources of power will be address as well. New development of situational theories will also be reviewed and discuss base on their strengths and weaknesses. Also relevant literatures whichRead MoreLeaders Are Born Not Made2148 Words   |  9 PagesLEADERS ARE BORN NOT MADE There have been an age long debate, and humans since beginning of time, have tried to come up with an answer to this question – Are Leaders born or are they made?. This question has generated an age long debate, which in turn has resulted in various school of thoughts, some believe that leaders are born, while others think otherwise. My contribution to this lifelong debate will serve as a pointer to my position on this issue. I strongly believe that leaders are born andRead MoreLeader s Are Born Not Made1283 Words   |  6 PagesLEADERS ARE BORN NOT MADE To begin this essay I would prefer to give a little scenario by asking ourselves, can all managers go on to be a leader? For several years, the concern whether leaders are born or made is an issue of great controversy. From different opinions however, it could be a little bit of both hence proving that any manager can go on to be a great leader as well. Among other definitions, Maxwell (1993, p.11) has defined leadership as an ability to influence others. He also definedRead MoreLeaders , Are They Born or Made?3310 Words   |  14 Pagesdepends ultimately on the qualities of its leaders. But are leaders born successful or can they be trained? Use theories and evidences to support your discussion. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Leadership is the competency and capability to influence and motivate people towards the fulfilment of goals .Thereby, leadership within any organization, is most definitely a critical factor of organizational efficacy. Leaders also embody a vision for future, and a good leader possesses the quality to cope and evolve

Changes In History Essay Example For Students

Changes In History Essay In the historical process there have been many changes for the advancement of society. Greece, Europe, and Italy all went through radical changes. Their new styles and remarkable advances led them through the Classical and Renaissance periods. Greece was referred to as Classical Greece during the period of Greek history between 500 B.C.E and 338 B.C.E. This was considered to be a time of brilliant achievement. The Greek culture was certainly changed over this time. The History of the Persian Wars was a work that was considered the first piece if real history in Western Civilization. Many great historians came out of Greece during this time period. Thucydides was one of these great historians. One of his greatest achievements was the History of the Peloponnesian War. Another point to be made about Thucydides was his insight into the human condition. He stated, It will be enough for me, however, if those who want to understand clearly the events which happened in the past and which (human nature being what it is) will, at some time or another, and in much the same ways, be repeated in the future. Other changes came about in Greece during this time. The Greeks introduced drama. The origins remain to be unclear, but historians believe that it was developed from religious rituals. Tragedy was also intended to educate individuals as well as entertain them. Greek tragedies dealt with problems such as the nature of good and evil, the conflict between spiritual values, and the demands of the state or family, the nature of the divine forces, and the nature of human beings. The arts were also going through changes during the Classical Greece period. The standards established by the Greeks were dominated throughout the Western world. Classical Greek art usually portrayed human beings as the subjects and represented them as objects of great beauty.Greece was not the only place that went through changes. Europe went through a Renaissance period, or a rebirth of learning. Education was provided for the clergy and government officials. The strong will for learning led to a revival among the people. Compared to Greece, Europe did not undergo as many changes; education and the revival of classical studies were the most important. There was an attempt to assimilate and preserve Latin and early Christian culture. Monks were required to copy manuscripts. The practice of scriptoria was introduced during this time. Scriptoria, or writing rooms, were where monks copied the works of Christianity. The time period that was mostly associated with the idea of the rebirth was the Italian Renaissance. Some of the greatest advocates of the Renaissance culture were the popes. Pope Julius II patrolled the culture because he wanted to tear down the old basilica of Saint Peter and begin the construction of the new one in the Christendom.The Renaissance was also an age of recovery from the fourteenth century. Many practices were changed during the Renaissance period including literature, printing, education, and art. One of the greatest works was the Divine Comedy by Dante, which was about the souls progression into salvation. Another great author was Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote Canterbury Tales. This was a collection of stories about a group of pilgrims on their way to the tomb of Saint Thomas of Canterbury. Printing also flourished during this time. The newest development was moveable type, and because of this rapid change Johannes Gutenburg published the first book.Printing then became one of the largest industries in Europe. The humanist movement had a profound impact on education. They produced secondary schools based on their educational theory.A treatise titled Concerning Character was established during this time, stressing the importance of liberal arts. Finally one of Italys greatest changes came with art. During this time Leonardo da Vinci was thriving. The works of da Vinci, Raphael, and Michaelangelo dominated the High Renaissance. Leonardo represented a transitional figure into the shift to the High Renaissance. One of his most famous works was The Last Supper. Raphael tried to achieve an ideal of beauty in his work. He is well known for his Frescoes in the Vatican Palace. Michaelangelo was a man of all trades. Neopolatonism influenced him. This was evident in his figures in the Sistine Chapel.Changes and rebirth are evident in the Italian, Greek, and European cultures, although more prominent in some areas. Rebirth for many meant a new beginning and a new life. This flourishing time gave the p eople a feeling of great hope for what lied ahead. .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 , .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 .postImageUrl , .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 , .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3:hover , .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3:visited , .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3:active { border:0!important; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3:active , .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3 .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u308d82ca185f50fad50fbc40733a39c3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Internal Control Weaknesses At Enron Accounting EssayWords/ Pages : 800 / 24

Crisis and Trauma Counselling for Psychotherapy - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCrisis and Trauma Counselling for Psychotherapy. Answer: Introduction: The concept of crisis and trauma counselling has been developed to help people resolve crisis inducing events. These situations occur in any circumstances and have to be dealt with as soon as possible. In many occasions the individuals facing problems lose all capabilities of responding to situations, so they require the proper amount of help and support in order to come out of their depressing state of mind. In order to help a client to combat his or her depression and stress levels it is necessary to understand the given situation well and help the person accordingly. Proper identification of the problem is hence an extremely important step in crisis and trauma counselling. Situations experienced by the client: The provided case study is about a 34 year old psychologist named Patricia. She has faced the pressure of being a single parent. The responsibility of single-handedly raising a child is quite challenging. Apart from this the client also has responsibilities pertaining to the society. In this connection it can be clearly stated that the client faced significant personal issues. These consisted of being a single parent and tackling responsibilities of raising her son and even the work pressure. Being a single parent, the client is incapable of sharing her problems and getting the required mental and emotional support which can usually be provided by a spouse. The situational issue related to this case is that of balancing all aspects of the clients life. The responsibilities of work cannot be ignored by her and at the same time she does not get adequate rest after fulfilment of all her responsibilities. The client also has an office at her home from where she works late into the night and hence the situation in which she is working are taxing and extremely strenuous (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). The environment at work which the client faces during the day is also very strenuous as the organisation which she works in has very less chances of employing additional staff. This also contributes towards her increased stress levels (Gladding Newsome, 2017). Besides this, there is a significant amount of speculation and judgemental attitudes towards single parents which needs to be dealt with in a proper way for which the client might feel stressed or pressurised. Signs and symptoms experienced by the client: Due to the stressful work conditions of the client as well as situational factors, she has upheld certain symptoms related to changed psychological, emotional as well as behavioural patterns. Regarding the physical traits it can be said that the client faced considerable amount of exhaustion at work. The client also indulged in comfort eating at the time of stress which accounted for even more amount of stress related to her body weight. She also suffered from severe headaches due to tension and also had difficulty in falling asleep. Her racing thoughts and random patterns of thinking did not let her fall asleep (Headington Institute, 2017). Emotionally the client started feeling down, low, de-motivated at work and dreaded work. There was a certain amount of distance which she felt from her everyday activities. She also felt extremely frustrated regarding her job and felt that she was deprived. She felt let down and sad at not being given the level of promotion which she felt she desired. The behavioural changes were experienced in her daily response to the other staff members and her colleagues. There was an increased irritation in her demeanour and she felt that her colleagues were irritating. The mails which she sent seemed to communicate the levels of her anger and frustration. The client also felt as if her tasks and responsibilities at work were weighing down on her and her productivity started declining despite the additional efforts which she put in (Levers, 2012). The ways in which the client can improve the situation: The best way in which stress can be managed is by channelizing ones thoughts in a particular direction. A person needs to try to choose one thought over another or tackle one thought at a time which is necessary in case of this particular client as well. In case one thought is focussed at a time there will not be a chance of experiencing chaotic thoughts in ones mind. There also are spiritual solutions to such problems, like meditation and the art of staying calm. The thoughts in the head can be calmed down to a significant extent by regularly practicing the art of meditation. The client can start by devoting a certain amount of time in the morning for meditation and can keep on increasing the time bit by bit in order to calm the thoughts which crowd the mind (Headington Institute, 2017). There also needs to be a support system where the client should be able to reach out to others and share the trauma or sad experiences. In case the client can share the problems with her colleagues she can receive a sense of reassurance which might help her concentrate on her work and reduce the levels of frustration experienced by her. It is advisable that the client works towards building a friendly relation with her son so that they can interact casually and can solve each others problems (Hillman, 2013). The psychological inception of the thought processes of the client needs to be understood by her in order to control the thoughts before they start to occupy the brain. The client can also attend inspirational talks in order to attain peace of mind (Levers, 2012). Conclusion: There are several ways in which victims of trauma or crisis situations can be tackled. It needs to be understood that they should not lose hope and should keep on focussing on the positive aspects of life. It needs to be remembered that these situations are very normal and can be tackled with proper care. It is due to the regular interaction with the victims of violence that a negative impact falls on the people who work in such centres. Proper counselling and monitored medication in special cases can solve the issue easily. References: Capuzzi, D., Stauffer, M. D. (2016).Counseling and psychotherapy: Theories and interventions. John Wiley Sons. Gladding, S. T., Newsome, D. W. (2017).Clinical mental health counseling in community and agency settings. Pearson. Headington Institute. (2017).Headington Institute | Blog | Managing Stress: How you think about stress matters. [online] Available at: https://www.headington-institute.org/blog-home/609/managing-stress-how-you-think-about-stress-matters [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Headington Institute. (2017).Headington Institute | Blog. [online] Available at: https://www.headington-institute.org/blog-home/search/resilience [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Hillman, J. L. (2013).Crisis intervention and trauma: New approaches to evidence-based practice. Springer Science Business Media. Levers, L. L. (Ed.). (2012).Trauma counseling: Theories and interventions. Springer Publishing Company.