Unfamiliar Religion Traditions- The Sikhs Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Traditionally, Sikhs wear a pair of long loose trousers and a long sleeved jacket. Women of this religion wear long trousers and ‘salwar’-an overdress. As Singh (2005) states, Sikhs are very concerned about protecting their dress code and the five Ks. They never remove the five Ks from their body. So, there are occasions when security forces without cultural awareness force them to remove these identities. Presently, police forces allow their Sikh officers to continue wearing turban and protect their long hair (p. 122). Because of their long unshorn hair and turban, Sikh people are often misunderstood as a Muslim from the Middle East. Thus, often, these people are targeted as terrorists and subject to racial aggression. This all happens because their special dress code makes them appear very similar to the Muslim terrorists of the Middle East. Admittedly, I too loved to cherish this belief about this relatively unfamiliar religion. However, as I studied further about it , I came to know that this religion is based on a large number of high moral principles. First of all, Sikhism is against the violence in the name of religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Unfamiliar Religion Traditions- The Sikhs or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now According to Sikh concepts, the most important elements of faith are remembering God, offering selfless service, and earning an honest living. Thus, as Singh I. J. (n. d.) points out, the religion does not insist that one should share rewards only within the religion. Instead, Sikhism teaches that God is love and that this love is not limited to only to Sikhs. God equally loves all people from all religions. Thus, Sikhism never promotes aggression in the name of religious differences because it believes in equality of all. In other words, unlike many other religions, Sikhism is noted for it tolerance to other cultures, beliefs and practices. Thus, it is highly irrational to believe that Sikhs are terrorists. This point can be further elaborated by some verses from Shri Guru Granth Sahib, the guiding principles of Sikhism. Guru Nanak never insisted people from other religions to convert to Sikhism. Instead, he taught them to be good human beings. For example, Guru taught Muslims â€Å"Make compassion your mosque, faith your prayer mat; make honest living your Koran, let modesty rule your conduct; let piety be your fasts, in such a way become a true Muslim† (Shri Guru Granth Sahib). Similarly, to Hindus, he suggested â€Å"From the cotton of passion, spin the thread of contentment; tying the knot of continence, give it the twist of virtue† (Shri Guru Granth Sahib).

Essay on Lets End the Pain and Suffering of Racism

Does this fit feel alright? Dennis asked the little boy, he nodded. Thank you, said his mother, come on Michael lets go the check out. Dennis got up and headed back to his post. â€Å"Dennis to the manager’s office,† came on the shoes store intercom. Dennis sighed and headed to Mr. Bleaks office. Good evening Mr. Bleak, Dennis greeted his boss. Hello Dennis, take a seat. I called you in here to let to tell you now that today is your last day working here; I’m going to have to let you go. What, why?! Because you are stealing shoes, said Mr. Bleak. No, I never stolen anything, I swear. No, use lying Dennis, you’re lucky I’m not calling the cops. Just collect your things and get out of my store. I can’t believe this, Dennis muttered on his way†¦show more content†¦Another problem society faces this age and time is vanity. People are so obsessed with looks that it is destroying lives. People become shallow and believe that the way they l ook is more important than their character. Serous psychological disorders can develop from this attitude. People develop eating disorders and sometimes even commit suicide if they think they’re â€Å"ugly.† In America vanity is just as much of a disease as racism. Teenagers have the biggest problem of vanity in America. Not only do they deal with the stress of grades and family life. Add the desperation to look good, in order to become popular and get a Boyfriend/Girlfriend it’s no wonder that 1 in 12 teenagers attempt suicide (Neal). I believe that if we could end vanity these numbers would reduce substantially. But how can society prevent something like racism and vanity? These believes are usually taught by parents or peers to children, and really it’s impossible to control what parents teach their own children. We cannot monitor what a mother tells her children in her own home. We do not want to live in an Orwellian form of government. So government interference simply will not do. My solution to end the problems of racism and vanity in America is simple. I purpose that we surgically blind all children upon birth. A racist person cannot oppress someone if they don’t know what race they are, which would make racism impossible. Also people will not be able to judge one another if theyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Changes Brought About by the Civil Rights Movement1095 Words   |  5 Pagesteenagers were hanging around on the street, the police officer wouldnt check them. All of the examples above can be concluded in one word, which is racism. Racism happened a lot at United State, the whites treated the African-American badly and called them blacks or niggers. Despite the fact that racism occurred a lot, not everyone supported and followed racism, some protested, some stood up to fight. 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It is a man-made imposition which has been an enemy of science and inquiry. Religion has subsisted largely on lies and fears, and been the accomplice of ignorance and guilt as well as of slavery, genocide, racism, and tyranny. George Carlin once said â€Å"I worship the sun for several reasons. The first reason is that unlike god, you can actually see the sun which really helps with its credibility. It gives me everything that I need like heat, light, food,Read MoreAmerican Sport Movies Dealing with Racism6989 Words   |  28 Pagesand Simpson enterprising and a showman who made the public relations work. But gradually Simpson became a drug addict and although Bruckheimer tried to help him he died in 1996 because of an overdose. Some critics said that this would also be the end of Bruckheimer’s career but he proved them wrong. He produced a lot of blockbusters and became one of the most successful and popular directors in the world. 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The Low Pre-Tax Cash Flow Operating Leverage

Question: Discuss about the circumstance, in which the low pre-tax cash flow operating leverage is preferable. Answer: The extent of operating leverage depends on the sensitivity of the pre-tax operating cash flow. The financial leverage or the operating cash flow leverage is taken in order to achieve a better financial performance of the company in a particular financial year (Rezaei and Jafari 2015). Generally, the leverage is taken to maximize the profitability by reducing the cost of capital and risks of the company. In case of Dulax Group Limited, the company can apply the low pre-tax cash flow operating leverage only when the cost of capital is low. In the other words, it can be said that if the degree of sensitivity of the pre-tax operating cash flow of the company is less, then the company can apply the low pre-tax cash flow operating leverage (Dhaliwal et al. 2015). There is another circumstance in which the company can keep low pre-tax operating cash flow and that is when the percentage changes in the pre-tax profit is low or the fixed cost is high. This is because if the changes of percentage in the profit of the company are low, it indicates that the company has a stable financial position (Rezaei and Jafari 2015). At the same time, if the profit percentage of the company remains more or less stable, then the net operating cash inflow will also be stable and so the requirement of taking higher rate of pre-tax cash flow operating leverage will be less. Therefore, it can be said that in order to apply low pre-tax cash flow operating leverage, Dulax Group Limited needs to bring stability in the net operating cash inflows and at the same time needs to maintain high profitability. Reference List: Dhaliwal, D.S., Gaertner, F.B., Seung, H. and Trezevant, R., 2015. Historical cost, inflation, and the US corporate tax burden.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,34(5), pp.467-489. Rezaei, M. and Jafari, S.M., 2015. Identifying the Relationship between Financial Leverage and Cash Flows of the Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(27).

Research Proposal Hand Hygiene

Question: Discuss about the Research Proposal Hand Hygiene. Answer: Introduction The importance of the hand washing in the care of the patient was conceptualized back in the early 19th Century. The first to provide the hand decontamination was Labarraque who reduced the incidence of the puerperal fever as well as the maternal mortality (Aiello, Coulborn, Perez, and Larson, 2008). The first clinic, which was attended by the medical student, was the Great hospital in Vienna back in 40s. There was adapting that washing of the hands with the chlorinated lime for those leaving the autopsy room could reduce the rate of maternal mortality. Aim, rationale Good health has been because of combination of various aspect such as the hand hygiene. Hands are usually the most used organ of the body. Based on the recommendations, which are given by the World Health Organization, the hand hygiene is the most significance way of controlling infection especially in hospitals. Due to the critical role carried by the nurse in the patient care, they should always have essential as well updated information in regards to the hand hygiene. An individual barely passes without holding multiple objects with the hands, such as greeting people, holding money, eating and cleaning of our houses with the use of our hands. It is likely our hands are at the exposure of the germs than any other part of our body. Nonetheless, it is easy for the germs to be picked thorough our hands to other parts of the body through oral transmission. This has been because we usually use our hands, especially when eating thus we could ingest the germs with the food which we are co nsuming. The organ, which is prone for the infections passed through the hands, is the stomach. Many individuals usually complain from time that they have a stomachache or perhaps they are experiencing diarrhea. All these infections are attributed from the poor hand hygiene, and it is significant to maintain good hygiene through constant washing of the hands using medical hand wash such as Dettol hand wash, which should be done before or perhaps after using hands in various activities. This ensures that the hand are always clean and there are no germs, which are transferred to the hands into our mouth especially when we are eating. The hand hygiene should always start from the health professionals, such as the nurses who are experts and they are expected to show a good example to the patients. This paper will be expected to research on the standards of the nurses hand hygiene in a New York hospital. Purpose of the statement The nurses as the health professionals are entitled to always promote the health living practices of all the citizens. One way they could achieve this is through promoting of practices of proper hygiene such as the hand hygiene. These practices should be carried out both in the place of work and at home. The nurses should act as the ambassadors of promoting of good hygiene practices. The patients could easily copy what the nurses are undertaking in the hospital and in return, they are able to reduce the chances of getting infections in order to ensure there is no proper hygiene. This research will undertake a research on the hygiene practices of the nurses in New York hospital on whether they are advocating good hygiene or if they are not. Provision of a good example to the patients and other citizen shows that the nurses are following ethical practices and they are advocating for the changes to reduce on the infection, which result from poor hygiene. Significance of maintaining hand hygiene Hand hygiene helps the patients to keep away from the ailments, which result from the poor hand hygiene. This will help to save on the costs of treatment as well as increase productivity from the population who are healthy due to maintained health status. Therefore, having a proper hand hygiene is the most significant yet simplest as well as least expensive method of reduction of the prevalence of ailments. There are several studies which have highlighted that hand washing is the vital way of elimination of pathogens on the hands which ultimately reduce on the rate of the ailments. Statement of the problem The hypothesis of the project proposal: has most nurses in the New York hospital facility embraced the proper hygiene practices such as washing of hands. There has been a rise in the number of infections, which have resulted from improper hygiene of the hand in the New York of recent. The nurses have also not been left from the infections an example two nurses have been admitted to the facility and they were complaining of the severe stomach pains, of which these ailments have resulted from using unclean hands when ingesting of the food. This has raised a health concern in the hospital. In such an occurrence if such ailment could sweep the health professional there are a high chance it will happen the same to the other citizens. There has been many expenses which have been incurred especially for the treatment of such ailments due to poor hand hygiene. The cause, which has been associated with this situation, is due to the poor hand hygiene. Many stomach infections result from the ingesting germs into our body system through the food that is eaten. The hands are the organs, which are used for eating, and the germs could be picked through the hands and transferred to the mouth as one eats. In one do not maintain proper hygiene then there is a risk of infection. If these occurs the government will be forced to channel, many resources towards treatment of these infections that could arise which otherwise could have been prevented at no cost. A high number of individual who are suffering from an infections result to low productivity in the workforce, standards of living of these individuals also deteriorate and these individuals are not able to meet there daily needs (World Health Organization, 2009). Many may perceive hand hygiene as just a trivial matter, but the effects from improper hygiene could cause ramification impact to many people who are affected. Infection usually inflict a lot of suffering as well as threaten the general body functions. The benefits of preventing these infection is important; this should begin with the health professional who act as an example to the patients. Method of the research The research follows theorist approach, which is the nursing theories called Dorothea Orem self-care theory. The self-care has been regarded are those personal practices which could be done independently in order to promote the health of an individual, such as hand washing. Most people could assume it just as a mere practice but it could save one some cost. It can only be achieved when a person has an agency with the self-care (World Health Organization, 2012). An individual should have a personal initiative in order to perform the self-care practices and if deficit occurs, it could lead to self-care, which can cause ill health of a person. When one become sick, the nurse should be expected to meet all the healthcare needs of the patients and teach, give support and provide an environment, which is good for them to achieve self-care practices (Pittet, Hugonnet, Harbarth, Mourouga, Sauvan, Touveneau and Perneger, 2000). Moreover, the nurse could also provide a compensatory package to help the patient to fully recover (O'Boyle, Henly and Larson, 2001). The patient could be helped in achieving of the self-care through setting a good role model to them. The nurses are usually the first individuals to embrace self-care practices to the patients and it is expected of them to do all they can for the patients to enable them to feel better. Literature review On the literature review, I have reviewed journal, which relates to the hand hygiene of the health care experts. In accordance to Larson (1995), highlights the guidelines, which the nurses should use in order to ensure hand hygiene is maintained. Moreover, he has also recommended that the nurses should set good examples to the patients as well as other citizens. The nurses should always observe a good hand hygiene, through washing of hands with the use of recommended antiseptics that could destroy the germs that are on the hands (World Health Organization, 2012). The author has also highlighted difference cases of infections to the healthcare provides which results to poor hygiene (Sax, Allegranzi, Uckay, Larson, Boyce and Pittet, 2007). This should set example to the patients on the best standards, which are expected in order to be able to curb the ailments. Further, in accordance to Pittet and Boyce (2002), highlights that hand washing is one of the most efficient as well as an eff ective way of preventing of the infections. Most of the stomach ailments usually results from the poor practices of washing of the hands. Many individuals including the health professionals usually ignore this especially when one leaves the toilet (Whitby, Pessoa-Silva, McLaws, Allegranzi, Sax, Larson, Seto, Donaldson and Pittet, 2007). The author highlights that before one eats the food they should wash their hands well. Additionally, the nurses should be at the forefront to make sure patients are provided proper self-care practices ( Boyce, J.M., 1999). An experiment, which had been done by Hazy and Wang (1998), in a hospital showed that even the nurses themselves do not observe good self-care especially washing of the hands. The observation, which was made, was that the nurses did not always wash hands when they left the restroom. The effect of this situation could worsen to the patients because the nurses used the same hands to administered prescriptions to the nurses and if the y hand germs it could be transferred to them. Based on the survey carried out in a hospital by Perneger and Mourouga (1999) to educate the nurses showed that the instructors as well as the trainee nurses were not observing proper hand hygiene. This clearly showed that it is not a good example to the patient since they are bound to show proper practices as healthcare providers. In accordance to Pittet (2000), he has provided some recommendations on ways the healthcare providers in healthcare could improve on the hand hygiene. Such recommendation are the hygiene standards in the hospital should be very high in order for the patients to learn from the same. The nurses could offer the guidelines, as well as educate the patient on how they could improve on their self-care practices. Expected outcome/results It is expected that the nurses in New York hospital facility do not observe hygiene hand wash requirements as required. The basis of this point is the situation few months ago observed of the nurses who were suffering from the stomach ailments in the hospital, hand-washing practice in the hospital is indeed in doubt (Lankford, Zembower, Trick, Hacek, Noskin and Peterson, 2003). Moreover, it is also very evident that there is a high increase in the cases of the stomach ailments admissions to the hospital. This shows the hospital has not embraced full the campaign of promoting a health hygiene practices. Based on the review of the literature it has clearly showed that many of the nurses are reporting just the practices of the hand hygiene to the patient but they themselves are not embracing what they stand for. It is also expected based on the literature that the nurses have not complied fully the concepts of self-care. Design of the research Carrying of this research undertaking will be the nurses in central New York health facility. The data collection will take approximately a week. There would be a preliminary visit to the health institution prior before carrying the research (Pittet, 2001). Ten nurse will be randomly selected for the research from the population of the nurses in the hospital. The collection method for the data will be through interviews and observation (Haas, and Larson, 2007). The interviews carried out will be on the issues of the compliance to the self-care requirements. The washing of the hand patterns of the nurses will be observed especially the ones who are leaving areas such as rest room, or perhaps during meals as well as when the patients are being administered the drugs. The information gotten will be recorded in the note for the purpose of the analysis. Through use of the tables will be undertaken in order to show compliance of the nurses who wash hands to the various subsections of obser vations (Haas and Larson, 2007). After carrying of the analysis, it would be projected to the entire population basing on the compliance of the nurses to wash hands. There would be a move on how these nurses promote the health care practices to the patients and a level indicated on each one of them. Recommendation will also be provided on how to improve the self-care of the patients. Conclusion The practice of hand hygiene has been one of the self-care requirement, which can go a long way especially when keeping most of the infections at a bay. It is the work of the nurses to work relentlessly in order to promote self-care practices and they should set a good example to the patients on hand hygienic. In maintaining a population that is, healthy there would be achievement of economic growth which will be realized from individuals who are energetic and resources which would have been channeled to the health sector would be devoted to other sectors. References. Aiello, A.E., Coulborn, R.M., Perez, V. and Larson, E.L., 2008. Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis. American journal of public health, 98(8), pp.1372-1381. Boyce, J.M., 1999. It is time for action: improving hand hygiene in hospitals. Annals of internal medicine, 130(2), pp.153-155. Haas, J.P. and Larson, E.L., 2007. Measurement of compliance with hand hygiene. Journal of Hospital Infection, 66(1), pp.6-14. Lankford, M.G., Zembower, T.R., Trick, W.E., Hacek, D.M., Noskin, G.A. and Peterson, L.R., 2003. Influence of role models and hospital design on hand hygiene of health-care workers. Emerging infectious diseases, 9(2), pp.217-223. Pittet, D., Hugonnet, S., Harbarth, S., Mourouga, P., Sauvan, V., Touveneau, S. and Perneger, T.V., 2000. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. The Lancet, 356(9238), pp.1307-1312. Pittet, D., 2001. Improving adherence to hand hygiene practice: a multidisciplinary approach. Emerging infectious diseases, 7(2), p.234 O'Boyle, C.A., Henly, S.J. and Larson, E., 2001. Understanding adherence to hand hygiene recommendations: the theory of planned behavior. American journal of infection control, 29(6), pp.352-360. Sax, H., Allegranzi, B., Chrati, M.N., Boyce, J., Larson, E. and Pittet, D., 2009. The World Health Organization hand hygiene observation method. American journal of infection control, 37(10), pp.827-834. Whitby, M., Pessoa-Silva, C.L., McLaws, M.L., Allegranzi, B., Sax, H., Larson, E., Seto, W.H., Donaldson, L. and Pittet, D., 2007. Behavioural considerations for hand hygiene practices: the basic building blocks. Journal of Hospital Infection, 65(1), pp.1-8. World Health Organization, 2012. Hand hygiene in outpatient and home-based care and long-term care facilities: a guide to the application of the WHO multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy and the My Five Moments For Hand Hygiene approach. World Health Organization, 2009. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: first global patient safety challenge. Clean care is safer care. World Health Organization. Sax, H., Allegranzi, B., Uckay, I., Larson, E., Boyce, J. and Pittet, D., 2007. My five moments for hand hygiene: a user-centred design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene. Journal of Hospital Infection, 67(1), pp.9-21.

Rumble in the Jungle

How Managers Should Treat Employees

How Managers Should Treat Employees Introduction Increased productivity is a major goal for all organizations and companies. This is especially the case in the current economic environment where a lot of competitive forces exist and each business has to look for means to avoid being forced out of the market. The management of an organization is critical in ensuring that the goals of increased productivity are met.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Managers Should Treat Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managers are the individuals who are charged with the important task of organizing the human resources of an organization to ensure growth and development (Pugh Hickson, 2007). However, these managers have to work through employees so as to accomplish organizational goals. It is therefore in the best interest of the manager to ensure that the employees are successful in their tasks. Invariably, they act in differing ways in their que st to get increase employee productivity. While some are aggressive and stern, others are caring and set out to command the respect of their employees. Each approach used by the manager has different outcomes since the manner in which managers treat their employees affects the output obtained from them. This paper will set out to demonstrate that a manager who is considerate and respectful to his employees will get higher productivity than one who engages in aggressive behavior towards his staff. The paper will also suggest leadership styles and other approaches that managers can use to increase employee productivity and therefore aid in the increased profitability of the organization. Effects of Aggression on Employees Positive effects Aggressive behavior by the manager can at times yield in improved employee performance. This is because such behavior will prompt the employees to act in a desirable manner. For example, a manager can make use of negative consequences so as to modify the behavior of his employees to what he/she sees as desirable. This desirable behavior will ideally result in higher productivity for the organization. Fournies (1999) reveals that punishments work since employees will be keen to decrease the frequency of the behavior that brings about the negative consequence. People who receive negative consequences become more apprehensive and are therefore more likely to avoid making future mistakes. The manager will also benefit from using punishments since other employees are less likely to engage in the behavior that brought about punishment to their co-worker.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fournies (1999) asserts that it is sometimes necessary for the manager to be strict and uncompromising with his staff. Such a stance might be necessary when the manager is fulfilling Fayol’s commanding role which is th e process of â€Å"maintaining activity among the personnel in order to obtain the optimum returns from the employees (Pugh Hickson, 2007, p.145). In this role, the best results are achieved if the manager is able to push his staff to work according to set schedules. The manager might find it necessary to be strict and stern so as to obtain the best results. Being stern may also be productive when the manager wishes to express the severity of a situation. Negative Effects Using punishments will decrease the frequency of the behavior that is causing the punishment (which is undesirable) to the employees. However, using punishments to modify the behavior of employees may have some negative repercussions. Fournies (1999) demonstrates that punishments may cause employees to react aggressively by holding work back, causing disruptive actions or even sabotaging work performance. These actions by the employees will be aimed at reducing performance and therefore injuring the boss or his/h er reputation. Fournies (1999) suggests that instead of using punishments to modify employee behavior, it would be more beneficial to use positive reinforcement to increase the desirable employee behavior. Managers who display aggressive, belittling and blaming behavior towards the employees under their command obtain devastating effect. Research indicates that such behavior results in increased job dissatisfaction and it might also lead to high turnover rates among employees. In addition to this, employees engage in deviance behavior which is primarily aimed at hurting the reputation of the aggressive boss. Donaldson-Feilder, Lewis and Yarker (2011) go on to reveal that aggressive behavior by managers results in a range of psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, burnout and somatic health complaints in the employees. Such outcomes further reduce the performance of the employees and therefore reduce the overall productivity of the organization. Effects of Considerate Tre atment Genuine concern for the employees by the manager will increase the productivity of the workers significantly. Research by Kellerman (2007) demonstrated that when managers showed concern for their staff, the staff reciprocated by increased productivity. The reason for this is that all employees at some point experience levels of stress and even de-motivation as they carry out their work.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Managers Should Treat Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the manager shows concern, the employees feel that he/she can identify with their circumstances. They will therefore be more willing to be guided by such a manager and work hard to achieve the set goals and objectives. Another considerate treatment that the manager can use to increase employee productivity is to show consideration for work-life balance. Employees suffer from conflicts between work and non-work res ponsibilities with such conflicts resulting in stress and burnout. Donaldson-Feilder et al. (2011) reveals that stress and overwork are increasing in prevalence among today’s workforce. Anderson et al. (2002) demonstrates that stress and burnout result in cognitive difficulties and lead to decreased performance of the employees. Work-life balance has therefore gained great significance since this stress and overwork has a negative impact on the productivity of the workers. Research indicates that provision of work-life practices has the potential of generating positive attitudes by the employees towards the manager and by extension the organization (Donaldson-Feilder et al., 2011). When employees perceive that the manager is treating them fairly, the social exchange theory explains that they will feel obliged to reciprocate by engaging in behavior that is beneficial to the manager. They will therefore be more willing to increase performance and therefore achieve set organizat ional goals. Approaches for increasing production Managers are tasked with marshalling the organizations’ resources to accomplish some goals and it is therefore imperative that they be able to make sure that their employees have a high degree of motivation in their performance. Motivation is defined by Martocchio (2005) as â€Å"the process of arousing, directing and maintaining behavior towards a goal (p.22). An important point to consider is that motivations should not only be restricted to monetary benefits. While it is true that money is the core motivating factor for many employees, there are other important aspects that employees look at.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Donaldson-Feilder, et al. (2011) suggests that many employees are also concerned about their professional growth. A manager who considers this will take on a mentoring role to the employee and also ensure that the employees are provided with schedules that improve and encourage growth. Managers should also engage in regular evaluations of the performance of their employees. These evaluations should be aimed at improving the productivity of individual employees. It is therefore critical for the manager to provide feedback on the evaluations to the staff. Moss and Sanchez (2004) reveal that the manner in which the manager delivers feedback determines whether it will aid or hinder improvement. While failures are bound to be observed in employees, this should be seen as learning opportunities. The manager should therefore try to capture and reveal to the employee the lesson behind any failure (Moss Sanchez, 2004). The manager should ensure that there are set performance standards which the employees should seek to achieve. Performance evaluations should then be measured by these set standards as opposed to comparing employees’ performances against each other. Donaldson-Feilder et al. (2011) note that there are times when a manager may feel overwhelmed and fail to control their negative emotions to the team. In such a situation, it is crucial for the manager to be honest and communicate with the employees what happened. Even more important is that the manager should have the capacity to take responsibility and apologize for their behavior. Apologizing for poor behavior will show employees that the manager is willing to take responsibility for his actions and it will reestablish the perceived integrity of the manager. Many performance problems are blamed on poor communication between managers and employees. Communication is critical for the success of all relationships and its prominence in organizations cannot be over emphasized. Lack of communication by ma nagers may cause low levels of morale among the staff (Fournies, 1999). This is especially the case when there are increased levels of uncertainty about what is going on in the organization. Through open and regular communication, the manager can boost the level of confidence that employees have in the organization and therefore foster positive attitudes. Most managers only talk to their employees when they are issuing instructions or when the employees have done something wrong. This makes it hard for employees to know when they have done a good job since the manager does not provide any feedback at such times. The level of engagement that employees have to the organizations is determined by communication. Kellerman (2007) demonstrates that managers who communicate to their employees on a frequent basis foster followers who are passionately committed and deeply involved in the organizational affairs. Managers should make use of motivating language so as to increase employee job sat isfaction and performance. Leadership Styles for Increasing Productivity A leadership approach that would be beneficial for increasing employee performance is transformational leadership. This style is highly favored by many Western nations and the transformational leader looks for â€Å"potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower† (Harris Nelson 2007, p.356). A manager who practices transformation leadership is able to not only steer the followers towards achieving set goals but also identify with their needs and concerns both at the job and outside. Such a manager is able to show consideration to his followers. This will require the manager to take on the role of a considerate leader that is; one who is able to show concern and respect for his followers. Donaldson-Feilder et al. (2011) articulate that this kind of leaders is able to look out for the welfare of his staff and express appreciation and support for their efforts. This leadership behavior is associated with many positive employee outcomes including: higher job satisfaction, reduced burnout and tension and most importantly, increased performance and productivity. In addition to this, research indicates that considerate behavior by managers has been consistently linked with improved employee well-being. The transactional leadership approach can also assist the manager to obtain superior results from his employees. Harris and Nelson (2007) define this form of leadership as one where the interaction between leaders and subordinates is characterized by a transactional exchange of rewards for services. The manager is about to offer rewards such as promotions, granting favors, and continued employment in exchange for continued good performance by the employee. This approach helps the manager to get the most out of employees since it clarifies to the staff what is expected of them (Harris Nelson, 2007). However, the manager should ens ure that the set goals are tangible, verifiable, and measurable. If the manager sets goals that are too aggressive, the employees will be discouraged and may therefore not even try to reach them. Creating Boundaries While it is important for the manager to establish a good relationship with the staff, it is important for work boundaries to be set. Without boundaries, the employees may fail to afford the manager the respect that is required for his/her to fulfill his managerial duties effectively. Donaldson-Feilder (2011) suggests that boundaries can be established by ensuring that employees follow protocol when they wish to bring up issues with the manager. In addition to this, the manager should be afforded the authority that comes with his position with the organization. In disputes between or among employees, the manager should act as the dispute handler. Conflicts are a reality in all environments where people are working together. Martocchio (2005) declares that while contentio us issues are bound to occur in all organizations, the way in which these conflicts are handled may influence the future success or failure of the organization. A manager who is skilled at conflict resolution will be able to reconcile fighting employees and therefore ensure that disputes do not hamper productivity. Conclusion The success of an organization depends on the productivity of its workforce. With this consideration, this paper set out to discuss how managers should treat employees so as to get more productivity from them. This paper has conclusively shown that managers who are aggressive and use punishment to try and increase performance from their employees fail. Instead, managers who establish relationships with their employees and make use of positive reinforcement are more successful in getting increased productivity. Transformational leadership and transactional leadership have been highlighted as two leadership styles that can be used to increase performance from emp loyees. The workplace is full of many stressful situations and an understanding and considerate manager will motivate his employees to increase their performance. The paper has underscored the important role that communication plays in motivating employees. By applying the approaches highlighted in this paper, the manager can increase employee performance and therefore achieve the desirable goal of increased organization productivity. References Anderson, S., Coffey, B. Byerly, R. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-life conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28(6), 787-810. Donaldson-Feilder, E., Lewis, R. Yarker, J. (2011). Preventing stress in organizations: how to develop positive managers. Boston: John Wiley Sons. Fournies, F.F. (1999). Coaching for improved work performance. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Harris, T.E. Nelson, M. (2007). Applied organizational communication: theory and practice in a glo bal environment. London: Taylor Francis. Kellerman, B. (2007). What Every Leader needs to know About Followers. Harvard Business Review, 85(12), 84-91. Martocchio, J. J. (2005). Research in personnel and human resources management. Washington: Emerald Group Publishing. Moss, S.E. Sanchez, J.I. (2004). Are your employees avoiding you? Managerial strategies for closing the feedback gap. Academy of Management Executive, 18 (1), 34-54. Pugh, D. Hickson, J. (2007). Great writers on organization. NY: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Principles of Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Principles of Corporate Finance - Essay Example For example, the year 2008 witnessed a global financial crisis, which had a significant impact on the cash flows of firms that depend on banks for funding. Even if Timbercorp may not have been directly affected, it may have indirectly been affected by a reduction in demand for its products on a global scale as consumers find it difficult meeting up with payments. Secondly, the economic environment is constantly changing. Interest rates and exchange rates continue to change and this has an effect on Timbercorp’s financing and investment decisions. As earlier mentioned, the company is a leading participant in the agribusiness sector through the food and fiber industries and the land and water rights and infrastructure associated with these industries. The sector provides a lot of opportunities and threats. As far as opportunities are concerned, the agribusiness sector remains a crucial part of the global economy and it is estimated to be worth approximately US$5trillion. In addi tion to its importance for delivering food security, it also encompasses half of the world’s labor force and assets as well as 40% of consumer purchases. Global population is expected to grow to approximately 8.3billion by the year 2030. These developments will help boost demand for Timbercorp’s products. The company anticipates a 60% rise in the demand for food and fiber products by 2030. However, there are also challenges for the company. For example, the amount of arable land is declining and these may adversely affect the company’s ability to meet rising demand for its products. Other challenges facing the company include rising operational costs, limitations on the access of water resources, as well as rising oil and gas prices.  The company reports that high oil and gas prices had a material adverse impact on harvesting and transportation costs as well as on the costs of fertilizers.